Isahluko 16 — Umyalezo weNgelosi Yesithathu

GSAM 247.1“INGELOSI yesithathu yalandela zona, yathi ngelizwi elikhulu, Uma kukhona umuntu omkhuleka isilo nomfanekiso waso, futhi wamukela uphawu lwaso ebunzi noma esandleni sakhe, lowo uzophuza iwayini lentukuthelo kaNkulunkulu, elichithwe lingaxutshwa enkomishini yentukuthelo yakhe; futhi uzohlukunyezwa ngumlilo nesulphu phambi kwezingelosi ezingcwele, naphambi kweMvana; futhi umusi wokuhlupheka kwabo uyaphakama phakade unaphakade: futhi abanamphumulo nsuku zonke nobusuku, labo abakhonza isilo nomfanekiso waso, nalowo nalowo owamukela uphawu lwegama laso. Lapha kukhona ukubekezela kwabangcwele: lapha kukhona labo abagcina imiyalo kaNkulunkulu nokholo lukaJesu.”¹

GSAM 247Isixwayiso Esinzima Kunazo Zonke eBhayibhelini

GSAM 247.2Lesi yisixwayiso esinzima kunazo zonke esikuBhayibhelini, futhi kuqinisekile ukuthi umlando womhlaba wethu awunikezi bufakazi bokuthi lo myalezo wake wezwakala esikhathini esedlule. Iqiniso lokuthi ingelosi yokuqala nengelosi yesibili kulo chungechunge sezifakazelwe ukuthi ziyingxenye yesizukulwane samanje, liqinisekisa ngokusobala ukuthi lo myalezo awuyona ingxenye yezikhathi ezedlule.

GSAM 247.3Kwathi uMfundisi J. V. Himes ngo-1847:—

GSAM 247.4“Isahluko sesi-14 [se-IsAmbulo] siveza isimemezelo esimangalisayo, esisazokwenzeka, njengesixwayiso kubantu ngaleso sikhathi sokulingwa okukhulu. Amavesi 9-11. Akukho okunye encwadini kaNkulunkulu okufana nokumemezela intukuthelo okwesabekayo kangaka ngaphandle kwalokhu. Ingabe lokhu akusho ukuthi kuzoba nokulingwa okukhulu, okudinga isixwayiso esesabekayo kangaka?”²

GSAM 248Ithempeli Livulwe—Umphongolo Ubonakala

GSAM 248.1UJ. N. Andrews wathi ngalo myalezo, “Ukuvulwa kwendawo engcwele kunazo zonke ethempelini lasezulwini lapho umphongolo ubonakala khona, kuwumcimbi owenziwa ngesikhathi ingelosi yesikhombisa ishaya icilongo. Futhi njengoba inkonzo yoMpristi wethu Omkhulu isishintshela kule ndawo ekupheleni kwezinsuku eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu amathathu, siyaqonda ukuthi ukuvulwa kwethempeli kuphawulwa ekupheleni kwaleso sikhathi njengoba kubonakaliswa ngesimemezelo sengelosi yokuqala. Ukufika koMpristi wethu Omkhulu endaweni engcwele kunazo zonke ukuze asebenze phambi komphongolo kaNkulunkulu kudonsa ukunaka kwebandla emiyalweni kaNkulunkulu equkethwe kulowo mphongolo. Imiyalo kaNkulunkulu ibikhanya isuka endaweni engcwele yasezulwini kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

GSAM 248Ukushintshwa kweSabatha

GSAM 248.2“Kuyiqiniso elingaphikiswa ukuthi umyalo wesine, eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule, waguqulwa usuku lokuphumula lweNkosi lwaba umkhosi wobupagani weSonto. Le nguquko yenziwa ngokuphikisana ngokuqondile nemiBhalo Engcwele, evuma yonke indawo ukuthi usuku lwesikhombisa luyiSabatha elilodwa kuphela leNkosi lamasonto onke. Kwafezeka ngumhlubuki omkhulu, uDaniyeli abike ukuthi ‘uzocabanga ukuguqula izikhathi nemithetho.’ La mandla ngokuyisisekelo ayafana nesilo okwakufanele sikhonzwe umhlaba wonke. Futhi kuyinto ethakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi lo myalelo owawucindezelwe isikhathi eside manje usuvikelwa, futhi abantu bakaNkulunkulu baqala ukuwugcina kanye neminye eyisishiyagalolunye. Siyabonga kuNkulunkulu ngokuthi ulungiselela intsalela impi yayo yokugcina nodrako, nokungeniswa ngeminyango edolobheni elingcwele. IsAmbulo 12:17; 22:14. Ukuvikelwa komyalo wesine ngokumelene neSabatha yokuphambuka, nokushumayela yonke imiyalo kaNkulunkulu kuyisiqiniseko esivelele sokuthi lesi sikhathi yisikhathi sokubekezela kwabangcwele, kanye nesixwayiso sengelosi yesithathu.”³

GSAM 249.1Ukunakwa sekubizwe ezahlukweni zangaphambilini emyalezweni wokuqala nowesibili kule miyalezo, njengoba yagcwaliseka ekumemezelweni okukhulu kokubuya kwesibili kukaKristu kuze kube mhla ziyi-22 Okthoba 1844. ImiBhalo ekuvuleni kwalesi sahluko ithi, “Ingelosi yesithathu yabalandela,” okusho ukuthi yalandela ingelosi yokuqala neyesibili. Kungase kuthakazelise, kulokhu, ukubheka ukuvela komyalezo wesithathu.

GSAM 249Abagcini beSabatha bokuqala bama-Adventist

GSAM 249.2Ngesikhathi “sesikhalo sezinzulwini,” ngo-1844, iNkosi yaqala ukuhola izingqondo zabantu bayo ekugcineni iSabatha losuku lwesikhombisa. Le mfundiso, phakathi kwama-Adventist, savela kanje: uRachel Preston, ongumBaptist weSabatha losuku lwesikhombisa, wathuthela eWashington, eNew Hampshire, lapho kwakukhona khona ibandla lama-Adventist.⁴ Wamukela imfundiso yokufika, futhi lelo bandla, elalinamalungu angaba ngu-40, ngomsebenzi wakhe wobumishinari lamukela iSabatha lomyalelo wesine. Lokhu kwaholela ekuhloleni ngalesi sihloko. Ku-Cry kaSepthemba 5, 1844, sifunda, “Abantu abaningi banezinkathazo ezijulile ngokuphathelene nesibopho esicatshangwayo sokugcina usuku lwesikhombisa.” Lesi sitatimende sasingaphakathi kumbhalo wokuhlela, lapho kwenziwa umzamo omncane wokumisa izimangalo zokugcina uSonto. Isihloko saqhubeka enombolweni kaSepthemba 12, lapho sithola isitatimende esibalulekile esilandelayo, esaholela ekutadisheni okujulile nokucophelela kwabaningi:—

GSAM 249Usuku Lwesikhombisa Kuphela Usuku Olumisiwe Ngumthetho

GSAM 249.3“Ngeviki eledlule sathola ukuthi sifika kulesi siphetho: Akukho ngxenye ethile yesikhathi okufanele amaKristu ayibeke eceleni njengesikhathi esingcwele ngokomthetho. Uma lesi siphetho singalungile, khona-ke sicabanga ukuthi usuku lwesikhombisa luwusuku olulodwa kuphela okukhonjwe umthetho ukuba lugcinwe.”

GSAM 250Umbhalo kaT. M. Preble

GSAM 250.1Ukunaka kwama-Adventist njengeqembu kwabizelwa embuzweni weSabatha ngenxa yesihloko esabhalwa nguT. M. Preble, ngoFebhuwari 13, 1845, esashicilelwa ngoFebhuwari 28, 1845, eHope of Israel, ePortland, eMaine. Emva kokukhombisa izimangalo zeSabatha yeBhayibheli, nokuthi yashintshwa yaba uSonto ngenxa yokuphambuka okukhulu, waphawula wathi: “Ngakho-ke sibona ukuthi Daniyeli 7:25 ugcwalisekile, uphondo oluncane lushintsha ‘izikhathi nemithetho.’ Ngakho-ke kubonakala kimi ukuthi bonke abagcina usuku lokuqala njengeSabatha bangabagcini beSonto likaPapa nabaphuli beSabatha kaNkulunkulu.”⁵

GSAM 250UJ. B. Cook ngombuzo weSabatha

GSAM 250.2Maduzane ngemuva kwalokhu kwavela umbhalo kaJ. B. Cook lapho ekhombisa khona ukuthi akukho bufakazi obusemibhalweni engcwele bokugcina uSonto njengeSabatha, futhi wasebenzisa leli gama elifushane elithi: “Ngale ndlela kalula wonke umoya ususwa eziseyilini zalabo abahamba ngenqanawa, mhlawumbe bengazi, ngaphansi kwelifulegi leSabatha likaPapa.”

GSAM 250.3Nakuba ukugcina iSabatha kwaba yisikhathi esifushane kwaba laba bantu bobabili, babese beqalise umkhankaso ongakwazi ukumiswa kalula. Izisho ezifana “abagcini beSonto likaPapa,” “abaphuli imiyalo kaNkulunkulu,” kanye “nokuhamba ngaphansi kwefulegi leSabatha likaPapa,” zaziphuma ezindebeni zabantu abangamakhulu ababefuna ukwazi iqiniso ngalolu daba. UMfundisi uJoseph Bates, waseFairhaven, eMassachusetts, ukunaka kwakhe kwadonseka ngale ndlela, wamukela iSabatha ngo-1845.

GSAM 250UJoseph Bates Wemukela iSabatha

GSAM 250.4Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwakunjalo: Lapho ezwa ngenhlangano eWashington, eNew Hampshire, eyayigcina iSabatha, wanquma ukuvakashela lelo bandla, abone ukuthi kwakusho ukuthini. Ngakho-ke wenza kanjalo, futhi lapho efunda ngalesi sihloko nabo wabona ukuthi babenembile, wamukela ngokushesha ukukhanya mayelana nombuzo weSabatha. Ebuya eNew Bedford, eMassachusetts, wahlangana, ebhulohweni phakathi kweNew Bedford neFairhaven, nomfowethu ovelele, owambingelela wathi, “Kaputeni Bates, yini izindaba?” UMfundisi Bates waphendula wathi, “Izindaba zithi usuku lwesikhombisa luyiSabatha leNkosi uNkulunkulu wethu.” “Kulungile,” kusho lowo muntu, “ngizoya ekhaya ngifunde iBhayibheli lami, ngibone ngalokho.” Wenza njalo, futhi lapho behlangana futhi, lo mfowethu wayesemukele iqiniso leSabatha futhi wayelilalela.

GSAM 251Incwadi Yokuqala NgeSabatha

GSAM 251.2UMfundisi uBates waqala ngokushesha ukushumayela leli qiniso kusukela esifundazweni siya kwesinye. Maduzane wabona ukuthi incwadi, noma ngisho nencwajana, ngombuzo weSabatha yayizoba usizo olukhulu kuye emsebenzini wakhe, futhi umphefumulo wakhe washukunyiswa nguMoya kaNkulunkulu ukuba abhale futhi ashicilele okuthile ngalesi sihloko. Kodwa umbuzo wawungokuthi kungakwenziwa kanjani lokhu ngaphandle kwemali, njengoba konke ayenakho kwakuyishillingi yaseYork (amacenti ayishumi nambili nengxenye). Kungase kube nentshisekelo kumfundi ukulandisa isipiliyoni sakhe kulesi simo njengoba angitshele ngaso ngo-1855.

GSAM 251Amaphawundi Amane Omgubo

GSAM 251.3Wathi ngesikhathi ekhuleka phambi kukaNkulunkulu, wanquma ukubhala incwadi, futhi wazizwa eqinisekile ukuthi indlela izovuleka ukuze ayishicilele. Ngakho-ke wahlala edeskini lakhe, eneBhayibheli nenkomba yamagama aseBhayibhelini, ukuze aqale umsebenzi wakhe. Emva kwehora elilodwa, uNkk. Bates wangena egumbini wathi, “Joseph, anginawo ufulawa owanele wokubhaka,” futhi ngasikhathi sinye wakhuluma ngezinye izinto ezincane ayezidinga. “Ufulawa ongakanani oshodayo?” kubuza uKaputeni Bates. “Cishe amaphawundi amane,” waphendula yena. “Kulungile,” waphendula yena. Ngemva kokuba esehambe egumbini, wahamba waya esitolo esiseduze, wathenga amaphawundi amane kafulawa nezinye izinto ayezidingayo, waziletha ekhaya, waphinde wahlala etafuleni lakhe lokubhala. Maduzane uNkk. Bates wangena wabona lezo zinto etafuleni wamemeza wathi, “Lo fulawa uvela kuphi?” “Yini,” kusho uKaputeni, “awukwanele? Wathi ufuna amaphawundi amane.” “Yebo,” kusho yena, “kodwa uwatholaphi?” “Ngawathenga,” kusho yena; “akuyona yini inani obulifuna ukuze uqedele ukubhaka?” “Yebo,” eqhubeka uNkk. Bates, “kodwa wena, uKaputeni Bates, indoda esehambe ngenqanawa isuka eNew Bedford iya kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, uphume wayothenga amaphawundi amane kafulawa?” “Yebo, ingabe bekungelona lelo nani owawulidinga ukuze uqedele ukubhaka?” “Yebo,” kusho uNkk. Bates, “kodwa ingabe uthenge amaphawundi amane(!) kafulawa?”

GSAM 252Amadola Ayizinkulungwane Eziyishumi Nanye Achithwe Ngenxa Yeqiniso

GSAM 252.1Kwalandela olunye ukuhlolwa masinyane. Lapho uKaputeni Bates ephuma olwandle, wathengisa ingxenye yakhe emkhunjini ngama-$11,000, kodwa manje wayechithe konke anakho ukuxhasa umgomo weqiniso. Kuze kube yilolu suku uNkk. Bates wayengazi ngesimo sakhe sangempela sezimali, kodwa wayezizwa ukuthi manje kumele amazise ngakho, ngakho wathi ngokuzola, “Mkami, ngichithe lezo zinto ngemali yokugcina enginayo emhlabeni.” Ngokukhala okubuhlungu uNkk. Bates wabuza, “Sizokwenzani manje?” UKaputeni wavuka, ngenhlonipho yonke yomphathi wesikebhe eqondisa umkhumbi wakhe, wathi, “Ngizobhala incwadi; ngizoyisabalalisa, ngisakaze leli qiniso leSabatha emhlabeni wonke.” “Kulungile,” kusho uNkk. Bates, phakathi kweminyembezi eyayimvimba amehlo, “sizophila ngani?” “INkosi izovula indlela,” kwaphendula uKaputeni Bates ehleka. “Yebo,” kusho uNkk. Bates, “iNkosi izovula indlela! Yilokho osho njalo,” wabe eseqhuma izinyembezi waphuma egumbini.

GSAM 252Ukunikezwa Okungalindelekile

GSAM 252.2Ngemva kokuthi uKaputeni Bates eqhubekile nomsebenzi wakhe imizuzu engamashumi amathathu, wazizwa efanele ukuya ehhovisi leposi, ngoba kwakukhona incwadi eyayimlindile. Wahamba, futhi empeleni kwakukhona incwadi. Ngaleso sikhathi, imali yokuthumela izincwadi yayingu-5 cents futhi ukukhokha kusengaphambili kwakungokuzikhethela. Umbhali wale ncwadi, ngesinye isizathu, wayehlulekile ukukhokha imali yokuposa. Futhi lapha uKaputeni Bates wazithoba futhi, njengoba kwadingeka atshele umphathi weposi, uMnu. Drew, ayemazi kahle, ukuthi akanakukhokha imali yokuposa ngoba wayengenayo imali; kodwa wathi, “Ungangivumela ngibone ukuthi ivela kuphi?” “Thatha incwadi uhambe,” kusho umphathi weposi, “ukhokhe ngelinye ilanga.” “Cha,” kusho uKaputeni, “angisoze ngikhiphe incwadi ehhovisi kuze kukhokhwe imali yokuposa.” Ngesikhathi ephethe incwadi esandleni sakhe, wathi, “Ngicabanga ukuthi kunemali kule ncwadi,” wabe esephendukela kumphathi weposi wambuza, “Ungayivula ngiyacela? Uma kukhona imali kuyo, ungakhipha imali yokuposa; uma kungenjalo, ngeke ngiyifunde.” Umphathi weposi wavuma isicelo sakhe, bheka! kwakukhona ibhili lamadola ayishumi. Wathola ngokufunda ukuthi incwadi yayivela kumuntu othe iNkosi yamthinta engqondweni yakhe kangangokuthi uMfundisi uBates wayedinga imali, ngakho wayiphuthumisa kuye; futhi ngokuphuthuma mhlawumbe wakhohlwa ukukhokha imali yokuposa.

GSAM 253.1Ngemva kokukhokha imali yokuposa, waya esitolo sokudla, wathenga ibharali kafulawa ngamadola angu-4, ngaphezu kwamazambane, ushukela, nezinye izinto eziyisisekelo. Lapho enikeza imiyalelo yokuthi zizolethwa kuphi, wathi, “Mhlawumbe lowesifazane uzothi azifanele lapha, kodwa ungazinaki izinto azisho; yehlisa impahla ephorichi yangaphambili.”

GSAM 253.2Emva kwalokho waya ehhovisi lokunyathelisa wahlela ukushicilela amakhophi ayinkulungwane encwajana enamakhasi angaba ngu-100, ngokuya ngokuthi njengoba ikhophi yayinikezwa, abashicileli babeyihlela ngezinhlamvu zokunyathelisa ngokushesha okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, bemthumelela amakhophi okuhlola. Wayezokhokha umsebenzi ngokushesha njengoba ethola imali, futhi izincwadi kwakungeke zisuswe ehhovisi kuze zonke izikweletu zikhokhiwe.

GSAM 253.3UKaputeni Bates wayazi kahle ukuthi ayikho imali ayeyithola, kodwa wayezizwa enesibopho sokubhala le ncwadi, ekholelwa ukuthi iNkosi izoshukumisela izinhliziyo zabantu ukuthi bathumele imali lapho izodingeka khona. Ngemva kokuthenga iphepha, amapeni, njll., ngaleyo ndlela enika isikhathi sokuthi izinto zasekhaya zihambe phambi kwakhe, wahamba waya ekupheleni komgwaqo oholela endlini yakhe. Lapho ebona ukuthi izinto zikhona lapho, wangena endlini ngomnyango wangemuva, waphinde wahlala etafuleni lakhe lokusebenza. UNkk. Bates wangena wathi ngokushesha, “Joseph, bheka nje ephorichi yangaphambili! Lezo zinto zivela kuphi? Umthwali wezimpahla ufike lapha wathi uzoyilayisha phansi. Ngamtshela ukuthi azifanele lapha, kodwa wathi uzoyilayisha phansi.” “Kulungile,” kusho uKaputeni Bates, “ngicabanga ukuthi kulungile.” “Kodwa,” kusho uNkk. Bates, “zivela kuphi?” “Kulungile,” kusho uKaputeni, “iNkosi iyithumele.” “Yebo,” kusho uNkk. Bates, “iNkosi iyithumele; yilokho osho njalo.” Wabe esenikela incwadi kumkakhe, ethi, “Funda le ncwadi, uzokwazi ukuthi ivela kuphi.” Wawufunda, waphinde wangena ngaphakathi ukuzokhala, kodwa kwakungohlobo oluhlukile kunalokho kokuqala; futhi lapho ebuya wacela uxolo ngokuzithoba ngenxa yokungakholwa kwakhe.

GSAM 254Imali Eza Yencwadi

GSAM 254.1Njengoba umsebenzi wokubhala nokuphrinta wawuqhubeka, uKaputeni Bates wayethola imali ngezikhathi ezithile ngeposi nangezinye izindlela, kwesinye isikhathi evela kubantu abangakaze ahlangane nabo. Lapho ethola imali, yayidluliselwa kubaphrinta, yabe isisetshenziswa ekukhokhelweni kwezibalo zencwadi. Ekugcineni kwafika usuku lapho zonke izincwadi seziphrintiwe, futhi evela kumthombo ongazelelwe kuMfowethu Bates, ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yagcwaliswa; ngaleyo ndlela izincwadi azizange zibambezeleke ngisho nosuku olulodwa ekusabalalisweni kwazo.

GSAM 254Ibhili Lokugcina Likhokhiwe

GSAM 254.2U-H. S. Gurney, waseMemphis, eMichigan, wangitshela ngoMashi 1884 ukuthi yena, ngalo kanye lolo suku ekuseni incwadi kaMfundisi Bates yayiqediwe, wathola u-$100 ngenothi lesikweletu elase liphelelwe yisikhathi ngokomthetho kumuntu owayevuma ukuthi ngeke akhokhe. Lapho ethola le mali, wazizwa ejabule ukuchitha ingxenye yayo ekukhokheni ibhili lokugcina lencwadana yeSabatha kaMfundisi Bates. “Kodwa,” kusho uMnu. Gurney, “uMfowethu Bates akazange azi kuze kube ngosuku lokufa kwakhe ukuthi ubani owakhiphe imali eseleyo yencwadi.” Lesi sipiliyoni sikaMfundisi Bates sokuphrinta iqiniso leSabatha sabonakala sisho kubantu bethu kusukela ekuqaleni kokushicilelwa kweqiniso ngombuzo weSabatha, “Qhubekani kulo msebenzi, futhi nilindele ukuthi uNkulunkulu avule indlela njengoba niqhubeka.”

GSAM 255UMfundisi Bates Ongabaza Ngemibono

GSAM 255.1Isitatimende esilandelayo, esifinyezwe ku-Life Sketches, sizoveza ukuthi isipho sobuprofethi nokulungiswa kweSabatha kwahlangana kanjani:—

GSAM 255.2Ngesikhathi evakashele eNew Bedford, eMassachusetts, ngo-1846, uNksz. Harmon wahlangana noMfundisi uJoseph Bates. Wayesamukele ukholo lokufika kusenesikhathi, futhi wayengumsebenzi okhuthele kulo msebenzi. Wayeyindoda yobuKristu eqotho, enenhlonipho futhi enomusa. Waphatha uNksz. Harmon ngobunono obukhulu sengathi uyindodakazi yakhe. Ngesikhathi sokuqala emzwa ekhuluma, wabonisa intshisekelo ejulile, futhi ngemva kokuba emile ukukhuluma, wavuka wathi, “NginguThomas ongabaza. Angikholwa emibonweni. Kodwa uma bengingakwazi ukukholwa ukuthi ubufakazi udadewethu abulandisa ngobusuku banamuhla empeleni kuyizwi likaNkulunkulu kithi, bengingaba yindoda ejabule kunazo zonke eziphilayo. Inhliziyo yami ithinteke kakhulu. Ngikholwa ukuthi umkhulumi uqotho, kodwa angikwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ekhombiswe izimangaliso azisibalisele zona.”

GSAM 255UNksz. Harmon Wemukela iSabatha

GSAM 255.3UMfundisi uBates wayegcina iSabatha, futhi wagcizelela ukubaluleka kwalo. UNksz. Harmon ngaleso sikhathi wayengakuboni ukubaluleka kwalo, futhi wacabanga ukuthi uMfundisi uBates wayephutha ngokugxila kakhulu kumyalo wesine kuneminye eyisishiyagalolunye. Kodwa iNkosi yamnika ukubona indawo engcwele yasezulwini. Ithempeli likaNkulunkulu lavulwa ezulwini, futhi waboniswa umphongolo kaNkulunkulu embozwe yisihlalo somusa. Kwama izingelosi ezimbili, eyodwa ekugcineni ngakunye komphongolo, zelule amaphiko azo phezu kwesihlalo somusa, futhi ubuso bazo babheke kuso. Lokhu, ingelosi eyayihamba naye yamchazela, kwakumela onke amabutho asezulwini abheka ngenhlonipho nangokwesaba emthethweni kaNkulunkulu owawubhalwe ngomunwe kaNkulunkulu. UJesu waphakamisa isivalo somphongolo, wabe esebona izibhebhe zamatshe lapho kwakubhalwe khona imiyalo eyishumi. Wamangala lapho ebona umyalo wesine maphakathi kwemiyalo eyishumi, unohalo oluthambile lokukhanya oluwuzungezile. Ingelosi yathi, “Yiwo wodwa kule miyalo eyishumi ochaza uNkulunkulu ophilayo owadala izulu nomhlaba nazo zonke izinto ezikuyo. Lapho izisekelo zomhlaba zibekwa, kwabekwa futhi isisekelo seSabatha.” Waboniswa ukuthi uma iSabatha langempela beligcinwe, bekungeke kube khona ongakholwayo noma ongamukeli uNkulunkulu. Ukugcinwa kweSabatha bekuzogcina umhlaba ekukhonzweni kwezithombe.

GSAM 256.1Umyalo wesine waphulwa, ngakho-ke sibizelwe ukulungisa ukwephulwa komthetho nokumela iSabatha elicindezelwe. Indoda yesono, eyaziphakamisela ngaphezu kukaNkulunkulu futhi yacabanga ukushintsha izikhathi nemithetho, yadala ukushintshwa kweSabatha kusuka kosuku lwesikhombisa luye kosuku lokuqala lweviki. Ngokwenza kanjalo, yaphula umthetho kaNkulunkulu.

GSAM 256.2Ngaphambi kosuku olukhulu lukaNkulunkulu, kuthunyelwa umyalezo wokuxwayisa abantu ukuthi babuyele ekuthembekeni kwabo emthethweni kaNkulunkulu owaphulwa ngu-Anti-Kristu. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukwephulwa komthetho ngokufundisa nangokuba isibonelo. Waphinde waboniswa ukuthi ingelosi yesithathu yeSambulo 14, ememezela imiyalo kaNkulunkulu nokholo lukaJesu, imele abantu abamukela lo myalezo, futhi bavuse izwi lokuxwayisa emhlabeni wonke ukuba bagcine imiyalo kaNkulunkulu nomthetho wakhe njengenhlamvu yeso labo, nokuthi ngokuphendula kulokhu kuxwayiswa abaningi bazokwamukela iSabatha leNkosi.⁶

GSAM 256.3Lesi sipiliyoni sikaNksz. Harmon noMfundisi Bates sasihambisana nendlela iNkosi esebenza ngayo. Ukunaka kukaNksz. Harmon noMfundisi White kwadonselwa endabeni yeSabatha nguMfundisi Bates, owabakhombisa eMibhalweni izimangalo zomthetho ongaguquki kaNkulunkulu. Nakuba uNksz. Harmon ayebusisiwe ngokubonakaliswa okukhethekile okuvela eNkosini cishe izinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili, akukaze kukhombiswe lutho ngalesi sihloko ngaphambili. Manje sekufikile isikhathi seNkosi, njengoba kwakuvuswa abakholwa ukuze bagcine umthetho wakhe, banikezwe ukukhanya ngesipho sobuprofethi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ngendlela yakhe yokusebenza, umyalezo wengelosi yesithathu, “imiyalo kaNkulunkulu, nobufakazi bukaJesu Kristu,” kwahlanganiswa ndawonye.

GSAM 257Ukuqala Komyalezo Wengelosi Yesithathu

GSAM 257.1Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umyalezo wengelosi yesithathu, njengokuhlotshaniswa nezinye ezimbili, waqala ukushumayelwa. Iqiniso leSabatha, njengokuhlotshaniswa nomphongolo kaNkulunkulu nokukhanya okwakuthuthuka maqondana nendawo engcwele, kwaqinisekisa lokho okwakukhombisiwe ngaphambilini—ukuthi umkhankaso wokufika kwangaphambilini wawulungile, futhi wawulandelana ngokomyalelo weNkosi. Manje babesekwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele kunanini ngaphambili incazelo “yezinyathelo ezintathu eziya endleleni eya edolobheni likaNkulunkulu.”

GSAM 257UMfundisi uBates Wemukela Imibono Njengezivela KuNkulunkulu

GSAM 257.2NgoNovemba 1846, kwabanjwa ingqungquthela eTopsham, eMaine, lapho uMfundisi Bates ayekhona. Kulo mhlangano uNkk. White (umshado kaNksz. Harmon noMfundisi James White usubhekwe ngaphambilini) waba nombono owabangela ukuthi uMfundisi Bates aneliseke ngokuphelele ngokuthi imibono yakhe ivela kuNkulunkulu. Wayeyindoda eyayilandela ulwandle iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, igcwalisa zonke izikhundla kusukela kumfana wekhabhini kuya kumphathi nomnikazi wezikebhe. Ukuqonda kwakhe ngesayensi yezinkanyezi kwakunjalo ukuthi, njengoba engitshele, wayekwazi ukusho cishe ukuthi wayekuphi olwandle, ngokwe-latitude ne-longitude, ngokubuka kwakhe izinto ezisemkhathini. Umuntu onjalo wayezokuthakasela ngokwemvelo ukukhuluma ngesayensi yezinkanyezi.

GSAM 257.3Engxoxweni naye, wangitshela ukuthi waba nokuqiniseka kanjani ngemvelaphi onguNkulunkulu wemibono. Wathi wazama ukukhuluma noNkk. White ngolunye usuku ngezinkanyezi, kodwa wabona ngokushesha ukuthi wayengazi lutho ngesayensi yezinkanyezi; empeleni, njengoba amtshela, wayengakaze abheke encwadini ekhuluma ngalolu daba. Wayengenandaba ngaleyo ndaba, waphendukela engxoxweni ekhuluma ngomhlaba omusha nangalokho ayekhonjiswe kuye embonweni ngakho.

GSAM 258“Ukuvulwa Kwezulu”

GSAM 258.1Ngonyaka odlule, mhla ziyi-19 ku-Ephreli 1845, iphephandaba i-Illustrated London News lashicilela into ethakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi bezinkanyezi evela kuLord Rosse, mayelana nokutholakala okumangalisayo ayekwenzile ngeteleskopu yakhe enkulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukubuka lokho ososayensi bezinkanyezi abakubiza ngokuthi “isikhala esibhakabhakeni.” Ngelinye ilanga kusihlwa, engqungqutheleni eshiwo ngenhla, endlini kaMnu. Curtiss nangokuba khona kukaMfundisi Bates, owayengakazimiseli ngalezi zibonakaliso, uNkk. White, ngesikhathi ebone umbono, waqala ukukhuluma ngezinkanyezi, enikeza incazelo ecwebezelayo yamabhande anombala obomvu acwebezelayo awabona ebusweni beplanethi ethile, wengeza wathi, “Ngibona izinyanga ezine.” “Hawu,” kusho uMfundisi Bates, “ubuka uJupiter!” Emva kwalokho, enza izinyakazo sengathi uhamba emkhathini, waqala ukuchaza amabhande nemijikelezo ngobuhle bayo obuhlala bushintsha, wathi, “Ngibona izinyanga eziyisikhombisa.”⁷ UMfundisi Bates wamemeza wathi, “Uchaza uSaturn.” Okulandelayo wathi, “Ngibona izinyanga eziyisithupha,” futhi ngokushesha waqala ukuchaza “ukuvulwa kwezulu,” ngobukhazikhazi balo, elibiza ngokuthi kuwumnyango oya endaweni ekhanyiswe kakhulu. UMfundisi Bates wathi incazelo yakhe yadlula kude nazo zonke izincazelo zokuvuleka kwesibhakabhaka ayekade ezifundile kunoma yimuphi umbhali.

GSAM 258.2Ngesikhathi ekhuluma esesembonweni, wavuka wema wathi, “Hawu, bengingathanda ukuthi uLord John Rosse abe lapha namhlanje ebusuku!” UMfundisi White wabuza, “Ubani uLord John Rosse?” “Hawu,” kusho uMfundisi Bates, “uyisazi sezinkanyezi esikhulu saseNgilandi. Bengingathanda ukuthi abe lapha ukuze azwe lowo wesifazane ekhuluma ngesayensi yezinkanyezi, futhi azwe leyo ncazelo yokuthi ‘ukuvulwa kwezulu.’ Kudlula noma yini engake ngayifunda ngalesi sihloko.” Kusukela ngalobo busuku uMfundisi Bates waba nokwaneliseka ngokuphelele ukuthi imibono kaNkk. White yayingaphandle kolwazi lwakhe nokulawula kwakhe. Lokhu kanye nobunjalo bokugxeka nokufundiswa okunikeziwe kwamenza wakholiswa ukuthi kwakusuka kuNkulunkulu.

GSAM 259.1Lesi simo esibhakabhakeni, njengoba sichazwe uNkk. White kulo mbono, yinto engavamile ukukhulunywa ngayo ngababhali bezinkanyezi. UHuygens, owasithola kuqala, unikeza incazelo elandelayo:—

GSAM 259Ukukhanya Okumangalisayo eNkembeni ka-Orion

GSAM 259.2“Abacwaningi bezinkanyezi babeka izinkanyezi ezintathu zisondelene enkembeni ka-Orion; ngesikhathi ngibuka lephakathi ngeteleskopu, ngonyaka ka-1656, kwavela endaweni yaleyo enye izinkanyezi eziyishumi nambili; phakathi kwazo, ezintathu ezicishe zithinteke, kanye nezinye ezine zavela, zikhazimulela sengathi zisendaweni enamafu, kangangokuba isikhala esizungezile sabonakala sikhanya kakhulu kunesinye isibhakabhaka sonke, esasibonakala simnyama ngokuphelele, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esihle, sabonakala sengathi sibonwa ngekhethini elivulekile, lapho umuntu ebona khona ngokukhululekile enye indawo eyayikhanyisiwe kakhulu.”

GSAM 259.3UWilliam Herschel uthi ngalokhu kuvuleka ezulwini:—

GSAM 259.4“Uma ububanzi bayo kulo mgama bungakha i-engeli engu-10°, njengoba cishe kunjalo, ubukhulu bayo kumele bungacabangeki ngokuphelele. Kubalwe ukuthi kumele bube izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zezigidigidi zobukhulu belanga.”

GSAM 259Kukhanya Kakhulu Kunelanga

GSAM 259.5UThomas Dick, isazi sezifilosofi, ukhuluma kanje ngalezi zinkungu zokukhanya:—

GSAM 259.6“Ukube sasibekwe kuso eduze njengohhafu womgama wenkanyezi esiseduze kakhulu, nakuba lowo mgama mkhulu, kusuka kule ndawo bekuzoveza ukukhanya okusondele ekukhanyeni kwelanga; futhi ezidalweni eziseduze kakhulu bekuzogcwalisa ingxenye enkulu yesibhakabhaka, futhi kubonakale ngobukhazikhazi obungenakuchazwa. Kodwa-ke, injongo yokugcina yento enjalo, kuzo zonke izici zayo nobudlelwano bayo, mhlawumbe izohlala ivelelwa phakathi nezinkathi ezizayo zokuba khona okungenamkhawulo; futhi, njengezinye izinto eziningi ezindaweni ezikude zokudalwa, ivusa engqondweni isifiso esinamandla sokubona izigcawu ezikhazimulayo neziyimfihlakalo zomkhathi ziveza okwengeziwe.”⁸

GSAM 260.1UMfundisi Bates, ekupheleni kwesihloko ngalesi sihloko, wathi:—

GSAM 260.2“Ngakho-ke sibona ngazo zonke izifakazelo ezilethwe (futhi singanikeza okuningi kakhulu, uma kudingeka), ukuthi lapha kunesimanga esiyisimangaliso futhi esingenakuchazeka ezulwini; igebe esibhakabhakeni elingaphezu kwamamayela ayizigidigidi eziyishumi nanye namakhulu amathathu neshumi nane [11,000,000,314] ngomjikelezo. Uthi uHuygens odumile, ‘Angikaze ngibone okufana nakho phakathi kwezinye izinkanyezi ezingashukumiyo—umbono ovulekile wendawo ehlukile ekhanyiswe kakhulu.’”

GSAM 260Obunye Ubufakazi Ngombono Weplanethi

GSAM 260.3Futhi siphinda sicaphuna kuNkk. Truesdail, owayekhona ngesikhathi kunikezwa umbono okukhulunywe ngawo. Uthi:—

GSAM 260.4“UDade White wayenesimo sempilo esibuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi imithandazo yayinikelwa ngenxa yakhe, uMoya kaNkulunkulu wahlala phezu kwethu. Masinyane saqaphela ukuthi wayengeke azizwe izinto zomhlaba. Lona kwakungumbono wakhe wokuqala womhlaba weplanethi. Ngemva kokubala ngokuzwakalayo izinyanga zikaJupiter, kwathi ngokushesha nangemva kwalokho ezikaSaturn, wanikeza incazelo enhle yamaringi akhe. Wabe esethi, ‘Abahlali bakhona bangabantu abade, abahloniphekile, abahluke kakhulu kubahlali bomhlaba. Isono asikaze singene lapha.’ Kwabonakala ebusweni obumamatheka bukaMfowethu Bates ukuthi ukungabaza kwakhe kwangaphambilini mayelana nomthombo wemibono yakhe kwakuseshiya ngokushesha. Sonke sasazi ukuthi uKaputeni Bates wayengumthandi omkhulu wesayensi yezinkanyezi, njengoba wayevame ukusibonisa izinkanyezi eziningi esibhakabhakeni ukuze asifundise. Lapho uDade White ephendula imibuzo yakhe ngemva kombono, ethi akazange afunde noma athole ulwazi ngale ndlela, wagcwala injabulo nenjabulo. Wadumisa uNkulunkulu, waphinde waveza ukholo lwakhe lokuthi lo mbono mayelana namaplanethi wanikezwa ukuze angaphindi abe nokungabaza.”⁹

GSAM 261Ihhashi Elinobudlova Lalawulwa Ngokuzumayo

GSAM 261.1Maduzane ngemva kwalo mhlangano eTopsham, kwenzeka omunye umcimbi omangalisayo ohlobene nemibono, engizokuxoxela njengoba ngatshelwa nguMfundisi Bates:—

GSAM 261.2UMfundisi White wayenegunya lokusebenzisa ihhashi elincane elalisesaqeqeshwa kancane kanye ne-wagon yemakethe enezihlalo ezimbili, eyayingenayo ideshibhodi, kodwa yayinesitebhisi phambi kwe-wagon, nesitebhisi sensimbi esivela ezigxotsheni ze-wagon. Kwakudingeka ukucophelela okukhulu ekushayeleni leli hhashi elincane, ngoba uma izintambo noma yini ithinta izinqe zalo, lalizoshaya ngezinyawo ngamandla, futhi kwakudingeka libanjwe njalo ngentambo eqinile ukuze lingabaleki. Leli hhashi laliphethwe yiqembu ababefuna ukuya endaweni yalo, futhi njengoba uMfundisi White wayejwayele ukuphatha amahhashi angakaze aqeqeshwe, wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke abe nenkinga enkulu ngaleli. Kodwa bengabe bekwazi ukuthi ngesikhathi libonisa ukuziphatha okungazinzile lalibulele amadoda amabili ngaphambilini, elinye ngokulicindezela ematsheni eceleni komgwaqo, mhlawumbe wayezoba nokungabaza.

GSAM 261.3Kulesi sikhathi kwakukhona abantu abane e-wagoni, uMfundisi White nomkakhe esihlalweni sangaphambili, kanti uMfundisi Bates no-Israel Damon esihlalweni esingemuva. Ngesikhathi uMfundisi White enikela yonke imizamo yakhe ukugcina ihhashi lingaphansi kokulawula, uNkk. White wayekhuluma ngeqiniso, kwathi lapho amandla kaNkulunkulu ewa phezu kweqembu, wathathwa embonweni ehleli e-wagoni. Ngokushesha nje lapho ekhala ethi “Udumo!” ngesikhathi engena embonweni, ihhashi elincane lema ngokuzumayo ngokuphelele, laze laphonsa ikhanda phansi. Ngasikhathi sinye uNkk. White wavuka, esesimweni lesi, futhi amehlo akhe ebheke phezulu, waphuma ngaphambili kwe-wagoni, wehla waya ezigxotsheni ze-wagoni, izandla zakhe zisekela ingxenye engemuva yehhashi elincane. UMfundisi Bates wamemeza uMfundisi White wathi, “Ihhashi elincane lizoshaya lowo wesifazane liye ekufeni.” UMfundisi White waphendula wathi, “INkosi isilawula manje; angifuni ukuphazamisa.” Ihhashana lathula njengehhashi elidala. Ngasemgwaqweni, induli yayiphakeme cishe izinyawo eziyisithupha, futhi eduze kocingo kwakukhona indawo enotshani. UNkk. White, amehlo akhe esabheke phezulu, engakabheki phansi nakancane, wakhuphuka endulini waya endaweni enotshani, wabe esehamba eya phambili nangemuva imizuzu embalwa, ekhuluma echaza ubuhle bomhlaba omusha. Bese, enekhanda lakhe lisendaweni efanayo, wehla endulini, wahamba waya e-wagoni, wakhuphuka ezitebhisini, ngesandla sakhe esisengxenyeni engemuva yehhashi elincane, wabe esenyukela ezigxotsheni, waphinda wangena e-wagoni. Ngokushesha nje lapho ehlala esihlalweni, waphuma embonweni, kwathi ngalowo mzuzu ihhashi, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uphawu oluvela kumshayeli, laqala ukuhamba, laqhubeka nomgwaqo walo.

GSAM 262.2Ngesikhathi uNkk. White engasekho e-wagoni, uMfundisi White wacabanga ukuthi azame ihhashi, abone ukuthi ngempela liyathobeka yini noma cha. Ekuqaleni wamshaya kancane ngentonga yokushaya ihhashi; ngezinye izikhathi ihhashi belizophendula ngokushaya ngezinyawo, kodwa manje akuzange kube nokunyakaza. Wabe esemshaya kakhulu, wabe esemshaya ngamandla, kwaze kwaba ngamandla kakhulu. Ihhashi elincane alizange linake nhlobo ukushaywa, kodwa lalibonakala lingenabungozi njengezingonyama ezomlomo wazo owavalwa yizingelosi ngobusuku uDaniyeli achitha egodini lazo. “Kwakuyindawo esesabekayo,” kusho uMfundisi Bates, “kwacaca ukuthi Amandla afanayo adala imibono, ngaleso sikhathi ayelawula imvelo yasendle yehhashi elincane.”

GSAM 262.3Uma lo mbono wawungumphumela nje wezinye zezinkinga zakhe zomzimba, kuvela umbuzo ngokwemvelo, Ingabe ihhashi lalibhekene nezinkinga ezifanayo?

GSAM 262Ubufakazi buka-Israel Damon

GSAM 262.4Ngizokunikeza lapha, njengokuqinisekisa indaba engiyitholile kuMfundisi Bates, isitatimende esilandelayo:—

GSAM 262.5“Cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, ngemuva kokuthi ngiqale ukugcina iSabatha, u-Israel Damon wangitshela izimo zokubona kukaDade White umbono ngenkathi yena, uMfundisi Bates, noMfundisi White nomkakhe behamba ngewagoni elilula ngemuva kwethole lehhashi elingalaleli. Namuhla ngifunde incazelo engenhla yalokhu okwenzekile, njengoba yabhalwa nguMfundisi Loughborough, futhi iyahambisana ngokunembile nalokho uMfundisi Damon angitshele khona.” Esayiniwe, “R. S. Webber, Battle Creek, Mich., Feb. 9, 1891.”

GSAM 263Ubufakazi bukaMfundisi Bates Ngemibono

GSAM 263.1UMfundisi Bates uchaza isipiliyoni sakhe kanje:—

GSAM 263.2“Nakuba bengingaboni lutho kubo olwaluphikisana nelizwi, ngangizizwa ngethukile futhi ngihlupheka kakhulu, futhi isikhathi eside bengingafuni ukukholwa ukuthi kwakungaphezu kwalokho okwakubangelwa isimo somzimba wakhe eside esidlulele sokuba buthakathaka.

GSAM 263.3“Ngakho-ke ngafuna amathuba phambi kwabanye, lapho ingqondo yakhe ibonakala ingenalo uvalo (ngaphandle kwemihlangano), ukumbuza imibuzo nokuphinda ngimbuze yena nabangane bakhe ababehambisana naye, ikakhulukazi udadewabo omdala, ukuze ngithole, uma kungenzeka, iqiniso. Phakathi nokuvakasha okuningi akwenzile eNew Bedford naseFairhaven selokhu, ngesikhathi semihlangano yethu, ngimbone embonweni izikhathi eziningana, kanye naseTopsham, eMaine; futhi labo ababekhona kwezinye zalezo zenzakalo ezijabulisayo bayazi kahle ukuthi ngangilalela ngentshiseko nangokucophelela wonke amazwi, futhi ngibuka zonke izinyakazo zakhe, ukuze ngithole ubuqili noma umthelela we-mesmerism. Futhi ngiyabonga kuNkulunkulu ngenxa yamathuba engiwatholile nabanye okubona lezi zinto. Manje ngingakhuluma ngokuzethemba egameni lami. Ngikholwa ukuthi lo msebenzi ungowakwaNkulunkulu, futhi unikezwe ukududuza nokuqinisa ‘abantu bakhe abasakazekile,’ ‘abahlukene,’ nabo ‘abaxotshiwe,’ kusukela lapho umsebenzi wethu wawuvalwa ... ngo-Okthoba 1844. Isimo esididayo sokuthi ‘Bheka, lapha!’ nokuthi ‘Bheka, lapho!’ kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sidide kakhulu abantu bakaNkulunkulu abathembekile nabazimisele, futhi kwenze kwaba nzima kakhulu kulabo ababengakwazi ukuchaza izahluko eziningi eziphikisanayo ezazivezwe phambi kwabo. Ngiyavuma ukuthi ngithole ukukhanya nokuqondiswa ezahlukweni eziningi engangingakwazi ngaphambilini ukuqonda ngokucacile. Ngiyakholwa ukuthi uyingane kaNkulunkulu ezidelayo, ethembekile, nezimisele.”¹⁰

GSAM 263.4“Umbhali akatholi ‘imibono’ yemibono yakhe ‘ekufundisweni noma ekutadisheni kwangaphambilini.’ Lapho ethola umbono wakhe wokuqala, ngoDisemba 1844, yena nabo bonke ababekuleli qembu ePortland, eMaine (lapho abazali bakhe babehlala khona ngaleso sikhathi), babeseyekile ‘isikhalo sezinzulwini’ njengokuthi sekwedlule. Kwakuyilapho iNkosi yambonisa embonweni iphutha aye wela kulo yena naleli qembu lasePortland. Wabe esexoxela iqembu ngombono wakhe, futhi bavuma ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwenyanga yesikhombisa kwakungumsebenzi kaNkulunkulu.”¹¹

GSAM 264Indlela Imiyalezo Emithathu Eyayibhekwa Ngayo Ngo-1847

GSAM 264.1Okulandelayo okuvela kuMfundisi James White, okubhalwe ngo-Ephreli 1847, kuzoveza ukuthi imilayezo emithathu yayibhekwa kanjani ngaleso sikhathi:—

GSAM 264.2“Zonke izinhlaka zabakholwa bokufika kwesibili ziyavuma ukuthi ingelosi evezwe ezindimeni zesithupha nesikhombisa zalesi sahluko (IsAmbulo 14), imele umyalezo wokufika kwesibili ebandleni nasemhlabeni.... Umsebenzi wengelosi yesibili kwakuwukubonisa iqembu labakholwa bokufika kwesibili ukuthi iBhabhiloni iwile. Futhi njengoba ingxenye enkulu yabo ingakalifundi leli qiniso kuze kube amandla ‘kwesikhalo sezinzulwini’ ebavusa ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze baphunyuke emabandleni ngaphambi kokufika kosuku lwe-10, kuyavela ukuthi kusukela ngenyanga yesikhombisa, 1844, umyalezo wengelosi yesithathu wawuyisixwayiso, futhi usengisona, kubangcwele sokuthi ‘babambe ngokuqinile,’ futhi bangabuyeli emuva, futhi ‘bangamukeli’ izimpawu iqembu lezintombi elazikhulula kuzo ngesikhathi sokukhala kwengelosi yesibili.

GSAM 264.3“Ingabe umyalezo wangempela wabantu bakaNkulunkulu, kusukela ngenyanga yesikhombisa, 1844, awuwona yini isixwayiso esinjalo?—Impela kunjalo.... Ivesi leshumi nambili lithi, ‘Nansi ukubekezela kwabangcwele: nansi labo abagcina imiyalo kaNkulunkulu nokholo lukaJesu.’ Wababona kuphi, Johane?—Yebo, ‘lapha,’ phakathi komyalezo wengelosi yesithathu. Njengoba isikhathi sokubekezela nokulinda besikhona kusukela ngenyanga yesikhombisa, 1844, futhi njengoba iqembu eligcina iSabatha, njll., selivele kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuyacaca ukuthi siphila ngesikhathi somyalezo wengelosi yesithathu.”¹²