Isahluko 25 — Izikhungo Zemfundo

GSAM 391.1“THOLA ukuhlakanipha, thola ukuqonda; ungakukhohlwa; ungaphambuki ezintweni engizikhulumayo. Ungamshiyi, futhi uzokuvikela; umthande, futhi uzokugcina. Ukuhlakanipha yinto ebaluleke kakhulu; ngakho-ke zifunele ukuhlakanipha, futhi ngakho konke okutholayo uthole ukuqonda.”¹

GSAM 391Isikole sikaProfesa G. H. Bell

GSAM 391.2Umsebenzi wemfundo wenkolo okwamanje usuthole ukwanda okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Njengamanye amagatsha enhlangano ashiwo ngaphambilini, waqala ngokuncane kakhulu. Ngo-1868 uProfesa G. H. Bell wavula isikole esakhiweni sohhovisi elidala, ekhoneni elisempumalanga enyakatho kwemigwaqo iKalamazoo neWashington, eBattle Creek. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, entwasahlobo ka-1871, ekupheleni kweNgqungquthela Jikelele, kwabanjwa inkambo yezinkulumo zabashumayeli ezazihlala amasonto amane, eyayihloselwe ukusiza labo ababebambe iqhaza emsebenzini wokushumayela nowebandla.

GSAM 391Isimemo Sesikole Senkolo

GSAM 391.3Kwavela ku-Review ka-16 Ephreli 1872 indatshana enesihloko esithi, “Ingabe Sizoba Nesikole Senkolo?” lapho kwachazwa ngokusobala izidingo zesikole esinjalo. Ku-Review ka-16 Julayi kwamenyezelwa ukuthi isikole savulwa sabafundi abayishumi nambili, inani elathi ngemva kwamaviki amabili lenyuke laba ngamashumi amabili nanhlanu, kwathi kwaphinde kwaqalwa ikilasi legrama lasebusuku elinabantu abangamashumi amahlanu. Isigaba sesibili sesikole savulwa ngoSepthemba 16, 1872, sabafundi abangamashumi amane. NgoDisemba 16 isikole sasikhule kangangokuba sathuthelwa endlini yomhlangano, lapho amatafula agoqekayo efakwe ngemuva kwezihlalo zebandla. Kwaphinde kwabanjwa umnyango wokuqala wabafundi abangamashumi ayisithupha nantathu egallari yebandla.

GSAM 392Imali eqoqwe yokwakha ikolishi

GSAM 392.1INgqungquthela Jikelele ngoMashi 1873 yachitha isikhathi esiningi icubungula ukufaneleka kokuqoqa izimali zokwakha izakhiwo ezifanele zokuphatha isikole senkolo, lapho abasebenzi bekufanele balungiselelwe ukungena emikhakheni ehlukene. Lapho udaba lwathathwa ngokuhle, kwakhiwa ikomidi lokuqala ukuthola izimali ezidingekayo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izihloko ezinamandla nezibalulekile zavezwa ngezikhathi ezithile ku-Review ngalolu daba, ezazibhalwe nguMfundisi Butler, White nabanye, futhi ngomzamo woMfundisi Butler noHaskell emihlanganweni yamakhampu ehlukene, kwatholwa imali eningi yesikole esiphakanyisiwe.

GSAM 392.2Enye ingqungquthela yabanjwa ngoNovemba 16, 1873, lapho kwabikwa ukuthi ama-$52,000 ayesevele ethembisiwe ukuze asetshenziswe emalini yezemfundo yama-Adventist oSuku Lwesikhombisa, ukuze kutholakale izindawo nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezifanele ngesizini ezayo. Ngokuvota, kuleyo seshini, kwakhethwa ikomidi labantu abayisikhombisa ukuze lisungule inhlangano yezemfundo futhi lithole indawo yokwakha izakhiwo.

GSAM 392.3Engqungqutheleni eshiwo ngenhla, uGeo. I. Butler wakhethwa njengoMongameli weNgqungquthela Jikelele, kanti uSidney Brownsberger wakhethwa njengoNobhala. Ikomidi elakhethwa yiNgqungquthela Jikelele kwakunguGeo. I. Butler, S. N. Haskell, noHarmon Lindsay. Kwengezwa amagama kaJames White, uIra Abbey, uJ. N. Andrews, noUriah Smith, ukuze basebenze neKomidi leNgqungquthela Jikelele njengeKomidi Labayisikhombisa, ababhalisa ngokusemthethweni njenge-“The Educational Society of the Seventh-day Adventists.” Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uProfesa Brownsberger wayebambisene neKolishi laseBattle Creek kwaze kwaba yilapho ebizwa ukuba athathe isikhundla sokuphatha ikolishi elalizovulwa eHealdsburg, eCalifornia.

GSAM 393Ama-acre ayishumi nambili athengwe ikolishi

GSAM 393.1NgoDisemba 31, 1873, le komidi yathenga ama-acre ayishumi nambili omhlaba engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Battle Creek, lapho amaeka ayisikhombisa awo akha ikhampasi yeKolishi laseBattle Creek.

GSAM 393.2Isikole senkolo sase-Battle Creek savula isikhathi saso sasebusika ezindlini zehhovisi lesithathu ngomhlaka 15 Disemba 1873, sabhalisa abafundi abayikhulu neshumi.

GSAM 393Isidingo Sezikole Zobandla

GSAM 393.3Mayelana nesidingo sethu, njengenhlangano, sezikole zemfundo ezifanele, uNkk. White wabhala ngo-1873 kanje:—

GSAM 393.4“Konke amandla engqondo kufanele asetshenziswe futhi athuthukiswe, ukuze amadoda nabesifazane babe nezingqondo ezilinganiselayo. Umhlaba ugcwele amadoda nabesifazane abathuthukiswe ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, ababa kanjalo ngoba uhlangothi olulodwa lwamakhono abo lwakhiwe kanti olunye lwancipha ngenxa yokungasebenzi. Imfundo yentsha eminingi iyahluleka. Bafunda ngokweqile ngenkathi benganakekeli lokho okuhlobene nempilo yebhizinisi esebenzayo....

GSAM 393Imfundo Elinganiselayo Idingeka

GSAM 393.5“Ukusebenza njalo ekutadisheni, njengoba izikole ziqhutshwa njengamanje, kwenza intsha ingakulungeli ukuphila okusebenzayo. Ingqondo yomuntu ifuna ukusebenza. Uma ingasebenzi ngendlela efanele, izosebenza ngendlela engalungile. Ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi yengqondo, umsebenzi nokutadisha kufanele kuhlanganyelwe ezikoleni.

GSAM 393.6“Bekufanele kwenziwe amalungiselelo emizukulwaneni eyedlule emfundweni ngosayizi omkhulu. Ezikoleni bekufanele kube nezikhungo zezolimo nezokukhiqiza. Bekufanele kube nothisha bomsebenzi wasekhaya, futhi ingxenye yesikhathi nsuku zonke bekufanele inikezelwe emsebenzini, ukuze amandla omzimba nawengqondo asebenze ngokulinganayo. Ukube izikole bezisungulwe ngokohlelo esilukhulume ngalo, bekungeke kube nezingqondo eziningi ezingalingani manje.”²

GSAM 394IKolishi laseBattle Creek

GSAM 394.1Ehlobo nasekwindla ka-1874 kwakhiwa isakhiwo seKolishi laseBattle Creek. Sasiyisakhiwo sezitini esinezitezi ezintathu ngaphezulu kwegumbi elingaphansi komhlaba, ubukhulu obungu-75 x 75 izinyawo, ngomumo wesiphambano samaGrikhi. Saphothulwa futhi sanikezelwa ngemikhosi efanele mhla ziyi-4 kuJanuwari 1875. Isikole savulwa kulesi sakhiwo saba nabafundi abangaphezu kwekhulu kanye nothisha abayisikhombisa abanekhono eminyangweni ehlukene. Ngokuvulwa kwekolishi ngonyaka wesikole ka-1877 kwabikwa ukuthi kwakukhona abafundi abangamakhulu amabili ababekhona. Umbiko we-Educational Society, owawenziwa eNgqungqutheleni Jikelele ngo-Okthoba 1880, wakhombisa ukuthi kwakukhona abafundi abangama-1400 ababebhalisile eKolishi laseBattle Creek kusukela ngo-1873 kuya kuDisemba 1880.

GSAM 394Kuvulwe Ezinye Izikole Ezimbili

GSAM 394.2Engqungqutheleni Jikelele, ngoDisemba 1882, kwabikwa ukuthi izikole ezimbili zenkolo zavulwa ngaphansi kokwesekwa kwengqungquthela phakathi nonyaka, esisodwa iKolishi laseHealdsburg, eliseHealdsburg, eCalif., elivulwe ngo-Ephreli 11; esinye i-Akhademi yaseSouth Lancaster, eseSouth Lancaster, eMass., evulwe ngo-Ephreli 19.

GSAM 394IKolishi laseHealdsburg

GSAM 394.3Ku-Review kaJanuwari 15, 1884, kwavela isitatimende esilandelayo esithakazelisayo mayelana nesikole senkolo sasePacific Coast:—

GSAM 394.4“NgoSepthemba 1881, iNgqungquthela yaseCalifornia yanquma ukuvula isikole senkolo, yabe isiqoka ikomidi ukuze liqhube lo msebenzi. Ngo-Ephreli 1882, kwakuthengwe izindawo ezanele, kanye nesakhiwo esifanele esinamagumbi ayishumi, kwase kuqashwe othisha ababili, kwavulwa isikole sabafundi abangamashumi amathathu nantathu. Ngesikhathi sonyaka wekolishi (okuqala mhla ziyi-29 kuJulayi 1882), isikole sathola ilayisensi ngokusemthethweni njengekolishi, kwathengwa enye ingxenye yomhlaba enama-acre amahlanu, kwakhiwa ihholo elikhulu [lokuba ikhaya labafundi], kwaqinisekiswa abafundisi abayisithupha, kwabhaliswa abafundi abangama-152. Kusukela kuvulwa, cishe amadola angama-27,000 abhaliswe kulo msebenzi, iningi lawo selikhokhelwe ngabantu baseCalifornia.”

GSAM 395I-Akhademi yaseSouth Lancaster

GSAM 395.1Abantu baseNew England baqala isikole sabo endlini yokukhulekela eSouth Lancaster, eMass. Ngenxa yemizamo engapheli kaMfundisi S. N. Haskell nokuzidela kwabantu bethu eNew England, uchungechunge lwezakhiwo zesikole lwalulungele ukunikelwa ekwindla ka-1884. Ngaleso sikhathi, izakhiwo ezaziphethwe yiSouth Lancaster Academy Association zaziyisihlanu ngenani, kanti ezimbili zazo zazintsha ngokuphelele. Isakhiwo se-akhademi sasilingana nezinyawo ezingama-60 x 65, kanti esinye isakhiwo esisha, okuyikhaya labafundi, sasilingana nezinyawo ezingama-36 x 88. Lezi zakhiwo zanikelwa ngomhlaka 19 Okthoba 1884.

GSAM 395.2Lesi sikhungo, ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nanye senkonzo esebenzayo, sisaphumelela, futhi sithumele abasebenzi abaqotho emsebenzini weNkosi ezindaweni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Umqondisi we-akhademi njengamanje nguFrederick Griggs, ophinde asebenze njengonobhala weMnyango Wezemfundo weNgqungquthela Jikelele.

GSAM 395Isikole Sokuqeqesha saseLondon (eNgilandi)

GSAM 395.3Njengoba umsebenzi eLondon, eNgilandi, waqhubeka nokuthuthuka nokwanda ngamandla, kwabhekwa kufanelekile ngesikhathi sehlobo sango-1887 ukuvula isikole sokuqeqesha abasebenzi beBhayibheli, lapho umsebenzi weBhayibheli okhuthele wawuzohlanganiswa khona. Kusukela kulesi sikole, abasebenzi bathunyelwe ukuyosebenza kwezinye izingxenye ze-United Kingdom nasemakoloni. Okwamanje kunesikole esiphumelelayo eDuncombe Hall, eNyakatho London, esiphethwe nguProfesa H. R. Salisbury, owathola imfundo yakhe yokuqala ekolishi eBattle Creek, eMichigan.

GSAM 396IKolishi laseBattle Creek Landisiwe

GSAM 396.1Isidingo sendawo eyengeziwe eKolishi laseBattle Creek sasikhulu kangangokuba ehlobo lika-1886 kwadingeka kwakhiwe ingxenye eyengeziwe enkulu esakhiweni sekolishi, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo (1887), kwakhiwa indlu yokulala (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-West Hall) yabafundi besifazane. I-West Hall inezindawo zokuhlala zabafundi abangama-150, kanti abangama-225 bangahlaliswa egumbini lokudlela; kanti i-South Hall, eyakhiwe ngo-1884, eningizimu kwenkundla yekolishi, yayisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala yabafundi besilisa. Ekuvulweni kwekolishi ngesikhathi sasebusika sango-1886 kuya ku-1887, kwakukhona abafundi abangama-568 ababekhona.

GSAM 396.2Ngo-1885 uProfesa W. W. Prescott wabekwa njengomholi weKolishi laseBattle Creek, kwathi kamuva wabekwa esikhundleni soNobhala Wezemfundo wenhlangano. Lokhu kwabonakala kuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile. Akukhona nje ukuthi iKolishi laseBattle Creek lazuza, kodwa ngomsebenzi walowo nobhala, ngesibusiso sikaNkulunkulu, kwavela ubumbano olusondelene nokusebenza kahle emsebenzini wazo zonke izikole zethu zenkolo.

GSAM 396iKolishi Lobumishinari i-Emmanuel

GSAM 396.3IKolishi laseBattle Creek lenza umsebenzi ophumelelayo kuze kube ngonyaka ka-1901, lapho umhlaba nezakhiwo zathengiswa e-American Medical Missionary College Association, kwathi inhlangano yemfundo yamiswa. Kwabunjwa ngokushesha inhlangano yekolishi entsha, ebizwa ngeKolishi Lobumishinari i-Emmanuel. Kwathengwa ifamu eduze kwe-Berrien Springs, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMichigan, lapho izakhiwo sezakhiwe abafundi, futhi kuseqhutshwa isikole esiphumelelayo. Inhloso eqinile yalesi sikole ukunikeza “imfundo ephelele,” ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo ecashunwe engxenyeni yangaphambilini yalesi sahluko. Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ukuze balungele ngokuphelele ukusebenza kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba lapho bangabizwa khona ngokunakekela kukaNkulunkulu, yisona sifiso esikhulu nenjongo yabathisha beKolishi Lobumishinari i-Emmanuel.

GSAM 397Isikole seBhayibheli Esiphakathi, eChicago, e-Illinois.

GSAM 397.1Ku-Review kaMashi 1887, kwaphakanyiswa isiphakamiso nguMfundisi uGeo. I. Butler sokuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo somishini eChicago, e-Illinois, esizosebenza njengesikole seBhayibheli esiphakathi sokufundisa abasebenzi beBhayibheli, futhi ngasikhathi sinye sisetshenziswe njengechapel nendlu yomishini yabantu bethu edolobheni. Ekwindla nasebusika ka-1888-89 kwakhiwa lesi sakhiwo. Izindleko, kuhlanganisa nezindawo, indlu, ifenisha, njll., zazicishe zibe ngu-$28,000. Yavulwa ngokusemthethweni mhla ziyi-4 Ephreli 1889, ngesemina yabathengisi. Ngesikhathi sokuvulwa ngokusemthethweni kwenziwa isitatimende sokuthi abantu bethu babesazi okungenani abantu abayinkulungwane ababevele bamukela iqiniso langaleso sikhathi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezwe ngenxa yemizamo yabasebenzi beBhayibheli.

GSAM 397.2Lesi sikole saqhutshwa ngobuchule nguMfundisi uGeo. B. Starr kuze kube entwasahlobo ka-1891. Khona-ke, nabafundisi ababekwe yiKomidi leNgqungquthela Jikelele, saqhubeka nomsebenzi waso kuze kube ngonyaka ka-1893, lapho kwatholakala ukuthi isakhiwo besingekwanele ukwanelisa isidingo esikhulayo semfundo yeBhayibheli. Njengoba kwakwenziwa amalungiselelo okuhlanganisa isikole seBhayibheli neKolishi laseBattle Creek, isakhiwo saseChicago sathengiswa e-Medical Missionary and Benevolent Association. Isakhiwo sesandisiwe futhi sahlelwa njenge-sanitarium encane, manje esibizwa ngeGatsha LaseChicago leSanitarium yaseBattle Creek.

GSAM 397IKolishi i-Union, eNebraska

GSAM 397.3INgqungquthela Jikelele yango-1889 yayihlola umbono wokwakha ikolishi endaweni efanele ezingqungqutheleni zesifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye ezilandelayo, okungukuthi, i-Iowa, i-Minnesota, i-Kansas, i-Missouri, i-Nebraska, i-Dakota, i-Texas, i-Colorado, ne-Arkansas. Ngakho-ke, kwaqokwa ikomidi yingqungquthela elalinomsebenzi wokukhetha indawo efanele yesikole. Lapho izakhamuzi zezindawo ezifana neDes Moines, e-Iowa, iFremont neLincoln, eNebraska, nezinye izindawo zizwa ngalokho esasizokwenza, zazincintisana ngokunikela ngeminikelo kulo msebenzi, njengoba bonke abantu bendawo ngayinye befisa kakhulu ukuthi izakhiwo zibekwe emadolobheni abo. Njengoba iLincoln, eNebraska, yenza iziphakamiso ezinikelayo kakhulu, futhi njengoba kwakubhekwa njengendawo efanelekayo kakhulu, isikole satholakala lapho.

GSAM 398.1Isakhiwo esiyinhloko, iKolishi i-Union uqobo, sinobukhulu obungu-141 x 84 izinyawo. Ubude kusukela phansi kuya phezulu kwedome bungizinyawo ayi-100. Ngaphandle kwalesi sakhiwo, kunama-dormitory amabili, ngamunye onobukhulu obungu-104 x 104 amafidi, anezitezi ezintathu. Bekulindelwe ukuthi imali etholakala emhlabathini onikelwe ngayo izohlangabezana okungenani nesiqingatha sezindleko zokulungisa leli kolishi eliyinhloko lenhlangano, lapho abasebenzi ababezofundiswa khona eminyangweni ehlukene ngesiNgisi, isiScandinavian, nesiJalimane ngothisha abakhuluma izilimi zabo zomdabu.

GSAM 398.2Izakhiwo zanikezelwa ngoSepthemba 24, 1891, kwathi isikole savulwa ngoSepthemba 30. Inani labafundi ababhalisele unyaka wokuqala lalingu-301. Ngo-1892 isikole savulwa nabafundi abangu-222, kwathi inani labafundi ababhalisele unyaka lalingu-553. Phakathi kwabo, abangu-71 babekusigaba sesiJalimane, kwathi abangu-85 babekusigaba sesiScandinavia.

GSAM 398.3Kukhona ifamu exhumene nekolishi, enikeza umsebenzi kubafundi abafisa ukusebenza kwezolimo. Ikolishi liphinde libe nebhakari, lapho kukhiqizwa khona ukudla okunempilo ngokwezinga elithile. Ngonyaka ka-1903 kwahlelwa inhlangano ngenhloso yokushicilela amaphepha nezincwadi ngezilimi zesiJalimane, isiSwidi, nesiDanish-Norwegian. Le nhlangano inendlu yayo yokunyathelisa kanye nalo lonke ibhizinisi lokunyathelisa laseMelika lale nhlangano yenkolo yalaba bantu. Umsebenzi uqhutshwa ikakhulu ngabafundi. Hhayi nje ukuthi bafundiswa ibhizinisi lokuphrinta, kodwa lapha bathola isipiliyoni ngokwenza umsebenzi wobumishinari ngokoqobo.

GSAM 398.4Umsebenzi wezokwelapha nawo umelelwe ngokuhlanganyela naleli kolishi. Ngokonga indawo kwatholakala ukuthi isikole singakwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa elinye lamadormitori alo amakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela, ngokuchitha imali encane, kwasungulwa isanitarium, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu.

GSAM 399IKolishi laseWalla Walla

GSAM 399.1Lesi sikole siseduze neWalla Walla, eSifundazweni saseWashington, futhi sanikezelwa ngomhlaka Disemba 8, 1892. Isikole savulwa ngosuku olwandulela lokho sabhalisa abafundi abangu-101. Leli nani lenyuke phakathi nonyaka lafinyelela ku-185. Kukhona ifamu encane nezinye izinto zokuthuthukisa ezihambisana nalesi sikole. Sisesimweni esiphumelelayo, futhi senza umsebenzi omuhle. UProfesa J. L. Kay manje ungumholi weqembu labafundisi.

GSAM 399Isikole sase-Australia

GSAM 399.2Ngo-Agasti 24, 1892, kwavulwa isikole eMelbourne, e-Australia, esakhiweni esiqashwe, sinothisha abahlanu. U-L. J. Rousseau, ovela eKolishi laseBattle Creek, eMichigan, wayengumqondisi wokuqala wesikole. Ngonyaka ka-1894, lesi sikole sasinabafundi abangama-89.

GSAM 399Ukuthuthela e-Avondale

GSAM 399.3Abaxhasi besikole, ngenxa yokufisa ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi nokufunda, babona kufanelekile ukushintsha indawo, ngakho-ke basuka edolobheni elikhulu laseMelbourne bathuthela e-Avondale, eCooranbong, eNew South Wales, esifundeni sasemakhaya, lapho kutholakala khona ifamu futhi kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezifanele. Njengamanje isikole siqhutshwa ngempumelelo ngokohlelo lwezimboni.

GSAM 399Isibikezelo Mayelana Ne-Avondale Sesigcwalisekile

GSAM 399.4Ekwakhiweni nasekuphathweni kwayo, inhloso yekomidi kwakuwukuba isikole siqhutshwe ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo enikeziwe mayelana nezikole zezimboni. Kwabe sekuyoba “isikole esiyisibonelo,” futhi kwaphindwa kaningi ukuthi uma siphathwa kahle, sizophumelela, hhayi nje kuphela njengesikole, kodwa nomhlaba uqobo, owawucatshangwa ukuthi awuwusizo, wawuzokhiqiza. Isikhathi, ngesibusiso seNkosi, sikhombisile ubuqiniso balokhu kwakubikezelwe. Naphezu komome omkhulu owawukhona iminyaka eminingi kulandelana, owabhubhisa ukulima nokuhluleka kwezitshalo yonke indawo, ifamu yase-Avondale yayiluhlaza futhi ikhiqiza. Lokhu kwakuyisenzakalo esimangalisayo, kangangokuba izikhulu zikahulumeni zafika zafuna ukwazi ngezindlela ezazisetshenziswa ekulimeni ukuze kuzuzwe lolu hlobo lwempumelelo olumangalisayo.

GSAM 400.1Umbiko wemisebenzi yesikole wonyaka ka-1903 ubonisa ukwanda okungu-50% ekubeni khona kwabafundi. Izimali nazo zazisesimweni esihle—zonke izindleko zahlangatshezwana nazo, kwaphinde kwasalele ibhalansi engu-$1,500 esikhwameni sezimali ezazizosebenziselwa izidingo zesikole. UProfesa C. W. Irwin ubengumphathi nomqondisi wesikole cishe iminyaka emine.

GSAM 400I-Akhademi yaseMt. Vernon

GSAM 400.2INgqungquthela Jikelele, ngo-1893, yamukela isinqumo sokuvula i-akhademi eMt. Vernon, e-Ohio. Lesi sikole sinezinhlelo zezimboni ezihambisana naso, futhi kubikwa ukuthi senza umsebenzi omuhle. Inani labafundi ababhalisele ngo-1894 kwakungu-140. UProfesa J. W. Loughhead wayesebenze iminyaka eminingana njengomqondisi wesikole, kwaze kwaba yilapho ebizelwa eWashington, D.C. Ikheli lesikole yi-Academia, e-Ohio.

GSAM 400Isikole Sezimboni saseKeene

GSAM 400.3INgqungquthela Jikelele ka-1893 yavuma ukuvulwa kwesikole sezimboni eKeene, eTexas. Kwathengwa umhlaba ongaphezu kwama-acre ayi-130, kwakhiwa izakhiwo, kwathi isikole savulwa ngaphansi kukaProfesa C. B. Hughes nabasizi bakhe. Siyaqhubeka ngokuhambisana nohlelo lokuhlanganisa umsebenzi nokufunda. Inani labafundi ngo-1894 lalingu-160. Lesi sikole naso siphumelele kakhulu.

GSAM 400IKolishi i-Union laseClaremont

GSAM 400.4Lesi sikole siseKenilworth, eduze kweCape Town, eNingizimu Afrika. Abasebenzi baso bezifundo bakhethwe kakhulu eKolishi laseBattle Creek. Savulwa ngo-1894, sabhalisa abafundi abangamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wesikole, inani labafundi lenyuke kangangokuba kwadingeka kwengezwe indawo ngokwandisa isakhiwo sesikole. Ikolishi njengamanje liphethwe nguProfesa C. H. Hayton.

GSAM 401.1Ama-Adventist oSuku Lwesikhombisa nabo baphatha isikole somphakathi (esiphansi) eClaremont esinabafundi abangamashumi ayisikhombisa, kanye nesikole sebandla eBeaconsfield, esasinabafundi abangamashumi amathathu ngo-1894.

GSAM 401Isifinyezo Somsebenzi Wezemfundo, 1895

GSAM 401.2Umbiko olandelayo wenziwa ngunobhala wezemfundo eNgqungqutheleni Jikelele ngoFebhuwari 1895:—

GSAM 401.3“Izinsiza zemfundo zenhlangano zingafingqiwa kanje: Kunamakolishi amahlanu ezitholakala ezindaweni ezilandelayo: eBattle Creek, eMichigan; eCollege View, eNebraska; eHealdsburg, eCalifornia; eCollege Place, eWashington; naseKenilworth, eNingizimu Afrika. Kukhona ama-akhademi amane, noma izikole ezenza umsebenzi wamabanga e-academic kuleli zwe, eSouth Lancaster, eMass.; eMt. Vernon, eOhio; eKeene, eTexas; naseGraysville, eTenn.... Ngaphandle kwalokhu kukhona iSikole seBhayibheli sase-Australia; isikole eMexico esihlangene nomsebenzi wezokwelapha; isikole sezingane zomdabu esiQhingini sasePitcairn; eRaiatea, eqenjini leSociety; eNingizimu Pacific; eBonacca kwamaqhingi aseBay eLwandle iCaribbean; cishe izikole eziyishumi nanhlanu zamabandla kuleli nakwamanye amazwe; izikole ezimbili zeBhayibheli zeNgqungquthela Jikelele; kanye nenqwaba yezikole zabathengisi nezomhlangano wendawo ezingahlelwanga ngokujwayelekile.”

GSAM 401.4Ekufingqeni inani labafundi abaya emakolishi nasezikoleni ezijwayelekile zenhlangano, unobhala uthi: “Ngokulinganisa okuthembekile, kunabafundi abangaphezu kuka-3 000 beminyaka yonke ababhalisele ezikoleni zama-Adventist oSuku Lwesikhombisa okwamanje.”

GSAM 402Isifinyezo Sezikhungo Zemfundo, 1903

GSAM 402.1Umsebenzi wezemfundo nezikhungo phakathi kwama-Adventist oSuku Lwesikhombisa zikhule ngokulingana nezinye izigatsha zomyalezo. Njengoba kubonakala encwadini ethi General Conference Year Book ka-1904, kulezi zinsuku kunamakolishi nama-akhademi ayisishiyagalolunye eMelika, namahlanu kwamanye amazwe. Lawo awamanye amazwe atholakala kanje: e-Avondale, eNew South Wales; eKenilworth, eClaremont, eduze kweCape Town, eNingizimu Afrika; eHolloway, eLondon, eNyakatho, eNgilandi; eNyhyttan, eJärnboås, eSweden; eFriedensau, eduze kweMagdeburg, eJalimane.

GSAM 402.2Kukhona eMelika izikole eziphakathi eziyishumi nane; kwamanye amazwe ezinhlanu. Lezi zitholakala eCopenhagen, eDenmark; eHonolulu, eHawaiian Territory; eDiamante, eEntre Rios, eRiphabhulikhi yase-Argentina, eNingizimu Melika; eCurityba, eBrazil, eNingizimu Melika; eBrusque, eBrazil, eNingizimu Melika.

GSAM 402.3Ngaphezu kwezikhungo zemfundo ezishiwo ngenhla, kunezikole zebandla zasendaweni ezingama-357 eziphethwe ngenhlangano yenkolo. Kuzo, ezingama-317 zise-United States, nezingamashumi amane kwamanye amazwe. Ukube sinezibalo eziqondile kuze kube manje, lezi zinombolo bezizokhuphuka kakhulu. Izikole eziningi zivulwe selokhu kwaphela u-1902. Isibonelo, iNgqungquthela yaseNebraska yabika ukuthi inezikole zebandla eziyishumi. NgoFebhuwari 1, 1904, umbiko wabo ubonisa “izikole zebandla ezingamashumi amabili nane,” ukwanda okungu-14 engqungqutheleni eyodwa.

GSAM 402.4Ngempela isandla esiqondisayo seNkosi siqondise ngokumangalisayo futhi savula indlela yomsebenzi wemfundo phakathi kwabantu laba. Makanike ukuhlakanipha labo ababizelwe ukuphatha lesi sigatsha somsebenzi wakhe, ukuze izikole ezahlukene ziqhutshwe ngokuhambisana nohlelo alubeke. Khona-ke kuzoba nezixuku zabasebenzi abasebenza kahle nabakhulile kuMphathi, hhayi amadoda nabesifazane “abanohlangothi olulodwa” emfundweni nasekuziphatheni. “INkosi yanikeza ilizwi,” kusho umbhali weHubo, “futhi inkampani enkulu [ibutho, kumargini] eyayisabalalisa lona.”