Isahluko 23 — Izikhungo Zezempilo

GSAM 358.1“Othandekayo, ngifisa ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinto ukuthi uphumelele futhi ube nempilo enhle, njengokuphumelela kwomphefumulo wakho.”¹

GSAM 358.2NgeSabatha, mhlaka 6 Juni 1863, uMfundisi White nomkakhe bahambele umhlangano wetende owawubanjwe ngoMfundisi uCornell noLawrence e-Otsego, eMichigan. Lapho uNkk. White wanikezwa umbono owamvulela isihloko sokulungiswa kwezempilo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izihloko mayelana nempilo nokuphila kahle zashicilelwa ku-Review, futhi waqala ukubhala lokho okwembulwe kuye mayelana nempilo. Ezinye zalezi zinto zavela ku-Testimony No. 11, nasencwadini ebizwa ngokuthi, How to Live.

GSAM 358.3Isihloko sokuphila okunempilo kanye nobudlelwano bakho obufanele nokuthuthukiswa komzimba, kwengqondo, nokomoya kwavezwa ngokugqamile kubantu. Ku-Review ka-25 Okthoba 1864, uMfundisi uJ. N. Andrews wenza lezi ziphakamiso ezibalulekile ngalesi sihloko:—

GSAM 358UJ. N. Andrews Ngokuphila Okunempilo

GSAM 358.4“Ukuyeka zonke izinto zokudla eziyingozi, nokuphila impilo yokuzithiba ngaphansi komthelela wokufundiswa okuhle nonembeza phambi kukaNkulunkulu, kuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni enhle. Imizimba yethu ingamathempeli oMoya oNgcwele. Ukuze simdumise ngempela emizimbeni yethu njengasemoyeni wethu, kubalulekile ukuthi sibe namandla aphelele kuzo zonke izimfanelo zomzimba wethu! Siyabonga kuNkulunkulu ukuthi lesi sihloko manje sibekwe ngokukhethekile phambi kwabantu bethu. Impilo namandla kungezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kithi, futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu kulabo abazobona izenzakalo ezinkulu zesikhathi sokuhlupheka.”

GSAM 359.1Isihloko sokuhlanzeka okusekelwe eBhayibhelini nokuzithiba kobuKristu sasekelwa, hhayi kuphela ezihlokweni zeReview, kodwa nangabashumayeli bethu.

GSAM 359.2Engqungqutheleni Jikelele, mhlaka 20 Meyi 1866, kwanikezwa lo myalelo olandelayo ngoNkk. White (ofanayo utholakala ku-Testimony No. 11):—

GSAM 359Kumele Kuhlinzekwe Isikhungo Sezempilo

GSAM 359.3“Ngakhombiswa ukuthi kumele sinikeze indawo yokuhlala yabahluphekayo nalabo abafisa ukufunda indlela yokunakekela imizimba yabo ukuze bavimbele ukugula....

GSAM 359.4“Lapho abangakholwayo bezoya esikhungweni esizinikele ekwelashweni ngempumelelo kwezifo, futhi esiphethwe odokotela abagcina iSabatha, bazobekwa ngqo ngaphansi komthelela weqiniso. Ngokujwayelana nabantu bethu nokholo lwethu lwangempela, ubandlululo lwabo luyonqotshwa, futhi bazothinteka ngokuhle. Ngokubekwa ngale ndlela ngaphansi komthelela weqiniso, abanye ngeke bathole kuphela ukukhululeka ebuthakathakeni bomzimba, kodwa bazothola umuthi wokwelapha wemiphefumulo yabo egula ngenxa yezono.

GSAM 359Isibikezelo Semiphumela

GSAM 359.5“Lapho impilo yeziguli ithuthuka ngaphansi kokwelashwa okuhlakaniphile, bese ziqala ukujabulela impilo, ziba nokwethenjwa kulabo ababeyisiza ekubuyiselweni kwazo empilweni. Izinhliziyo zazo zigcwele ukubonga, futhi imbewu enhle yeqiniso izothola indawo kalula lapho, futhi kwezinye izimo izondliwe, ikhule, ize izale izithelo ukuze kube nodumo lukaNkulunkulu. Umphefumulo owodwa oyigugu osindisiwe uzoba nenzuzo engaphezu kwanoma yiziphi izindlela ezidingekayo ukusungula isikhungo esinjalo....

GSAM 359.6“Abanye abaphola, noma abazuza kakhulu, bazoba yizinsiza zokwethula ukholo lwethu ezindaweni ezintsha, nokuphakamisa izinga leqiniso lapho bekungeke kube nokwenzeka ukufinyelela khona ngaphandle kokuthi ubandlululo lususwe kuqala ezingqondweni ngokuhlala phakathi kwabantu bethu ngenhloso yokuthola impilo.”

GSAM 360.1Kwathathwa isinqumo ngokuvota ngokuvumelana kwabantu bethu ababebuthene ukuthi ngokushesha okukhulu kuvulwe isikhungo sezempilo e-Battle Creek noma eduze kwayo, futhi siphethwe ngokwezokwelapha nguDkt. H. S. Lay, owayeseqeqeshelwe ubudokotela, futhi owayechithe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka endaweni yokwelapha ngamanzi eMpumalanga ukuze afunde izindlela zokwelapha ngamanzi.

GSAM 360Indawo Yesikhungo Sezempilo Ethengiwe

GSAM 360.2Ukusungulwa kwesikhungo esinjalo ngaleso sikhathi kwakubonakala kuyinselelo enkulu; futhi ngaphandle kwalobu bufakazi bukhuthazayo mayelana nomphumela, bekungaba nokulibaziseka ekuthatheni lo msebenzi. Nokho, esikhundleni sokulibaziseka, kwadlula izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela ngemuva kokuphela kwengqungquthela ngaphambi kokuthi kuthengwe indlu enkulu yokuhlala kaJaji Graves, enama-acre ayisishiyagalombili omhlaba, eyayiyindawo yakhe enhle yokuhlala eWest Battle Creek. Eceleni kwalesi sakhiwo kwakhiwa ngokushesha ingezo enezitezi ezimbili eyayizosebenza njengamagumbi okugeza. Kulezi zakhiwo kwavulwa iSikhungo Senguquko Yezempilo.

GSAM 360.3Ku-Review ka-19 Juni 1866, kwenziwa isimemo sokuqala esijwayelekile sokuthenga izabelo kulesi sikhungo. Kule nombolo efanayo yephephandaba kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi izabelo sezibhaliswe amabandla ase-Battle Creek, eMichigan, nase-Olcott, eNew York, ngenani elingu-$2,625, noma izabelo eziyi-105 ezingu-$25 ngayinye. Njengoba kwakungekho mthetho eSifundazweni saseMichigan ongavumela ukusungulwa kwenkampani yokuphatha izikhungo zezempilo, impahla yagcinwa ngaphansi kokuthembeka okwesikhashana, kuze kwaba sekusungulwa inkampani ngokusemthethweni.

GSAM 360Kuqalwe Ijenali Yezempilo

GSAM 360.4Ngo-1 Agasti abaphathi baqala futhi ukushicilelwa kwephephabhuku lezempilo lanyanga zonke, elinamakhasi ayishumi nesithupha kanye nesembozo, ngendlela yamaphephabhuku. Leli belibizwa ngokuthi i-Health Reformer. Leli phephabhuku lisaqhubeka, ngaphansi kwegama elithi Good Health, futhi manje liyiphephabhuku elihamba phambili lezempilo emhlabeni wonke. Leli phephabhuku alizange ibheke kuphela izimiso zempilo nokuzithiba, kodwa futhi yayiyindlela yokukhangisa isikhungo sempilo, esavulwa ngokusemthethweni kwabagula nabahlali mhla ziyi-5 kuSepthemba 1866. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona lesi sikhungo, esathengwa, sagcwaliswa izidingo, futhi saqala ukusebenza kungakapheli izinyanga ezine kusukela ngesikhathi lesi sihloko sashiwo okokuqala kubantu bethu; futhi kwabhaliswa imali engu-$11,000 yezitoko, ingxenye enkulu yayo yayisivele ikhokhiwe.

GSAM 361Ukusungulwa Kwenhlangano Yezokwelapha

GSAM 361.1Ebusika ka-1866-67 kwadlula umthetho eMhlanganweni Wezomthetho waseMichigan ngaphansi kwawo kwakungakhiwa inkampani yokuphatha lesi sikhungo sezempilo. NgoMeyi 17, 1867, kwathathwa lesi sinyathelo, kwamukelwa imithetho yangaphakathi, kwathi izakhiwo nomhlaba kanye nezinye izimpahla zadluliselwa kubaphathiswa abakhethwe ngokusemthethweni. Inani lonke lamasheya abhaliswe kuze kube yilolo suku lalingama-$26,100; kwalokhu, ama-$18,264.87 ayekhokhiwe. Lesi sikhungo sasinethimba eliqeqeshiwe lodokotela nabasizi, futhi izakhiwo zazicishe zigcwele iziguli, abaningi babo ababevele bamukela ukholo lwethu, ngemva kokuzwa ngathi njengabantu nangeqiniso ngemva kokufika esikhungweni.

GSAM 361Ukugqoka Okunempilo

GSAM 361.2Kuzo zonke izizukulwane nakuzo zonke izizwe inhliziyo yemvelo ithonywa umhlaba, ngokuzigqaja kwayo ngempilo, ubudenge bayo nezitayela zayo. Unyaka ka-1863, ezweni lethu, lapho umbuzo wezempilo nezokugqoka wavezwa kuNkk. White, wawungahlukile, njengoba kubonakala ekuthathekeni kwabesifazane ekulandeleni ifashini eyayilawula yokugqoka ama-hoops, ubukhulu bawo obenza abaningi babo babonakale sengathi bahamba ebhaluni ebheke phansi. Ngasikhathi sinye kwethulwa ezinye izindlela ezimbili ezeqile ekugqokeni ezadala ingxoxo eningi. Isaziso esifushane ngalezi, mhlawumbe, sizosiza umfundi ukuthi aqonde kangcono ubufakazi obunikezwe uNkk. White ngesihloko sokugqoka, obutholakala ku-Testimony for the Church, No. 10.

GSAM 362Ukugxila Ngokweqile Emfashinini Kuyagwetshwa

GSAM 362.1Okokuqala kwakuyindlela yokugqoka izingubo ezinomsila, noma umkhondo, osuka kumayintshi ayishumi kuya esiqingatheni seyadi noma ngaphezulu ngobude, ngokuthanda komuntu ogqokayo. Lezi zazivame ukushiywa zidonsa phansi emhlabathini, futhi zazibizwa ngabesilisa ngokuthi “abashaneli bomgwaqo.” Okweqile kwesibili kwakuyiphikisana ngokuphelele, futhi kwakusitayela esifana kakhulu nalokho okwakugqokwa amadoda ngangokunokwenzeka. Le fashini yamukelwa yilabo ababelandela uNksz. Bloomer, ngakho-ke yabizwa ngokuthi “ingubo kaBloomer.” Ekugcineni igama lashintshwa laba “i-American Costume.” Kwahlelwa imihlangano ezindaweni ezahlukene ngabaxhasi balo mkhuba wokugqoka, futhi abaningi bodadewethu babesekela ukuyamukela. Abanye bayigqoke.

GSAM 362Ubufakazi Ngombuzo Wokugqoka

GSAM 362.2Mayelana nalokho okwavezwa kuNkk. White ngodaba lwezingubo, ngizocaphuna izigaba ezimbalwa ezivela ku-Testimony No. 11:—

GSAM 362.3“Abantu abathembekile bakaNkulunkulu bayisibani somhlaba nosawoti womhlaba, futhi kufanele bahlale bekhumbula ukuthi ithonya labo libalulekile. Uma bebengashintshanisa ingubo ende kakhulu nengubo emfushane kakhulu, babeyonakalisa kakhulu ithonya labo. Abangakholwayo, okungumsebenzi wabo ukubasiza nokuzama ukubaletha eMvaneni kaNkulunkulu, babeyonengwa. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthuthukisa ingubo yabesifazane maqondana nempilo ngaphandle kokwenza ushintsho olukhulu olungamenza ababukeli bakhungatheke.

GSAM 362Ingubo Yenguquko

GSAM 362.4“Umumo womzimba akufanele ucindezelwe nhlobo ngama-corset namathambo omkhomo. Ingubo kufanele ibe lula ngokuphelele ukuze imiphaphu nenhliziyo zisebenze kahle. Ingubo kufanele ifinyelele kancane ngaphansi kwengxenye ephezulu yebhuthi, kodwa kufanele ibe mfushane ngokwanele ukuze ingathinti udaka oluseceleni komgwaqo nasemgwaqweni, ngaphandle kokuyiphakamisa ngesandla. Ingubo emfushane kunaleyo izoba ifanele, ilula futhi inempilo kwabesifazane lapho besenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi labo abaphoqelekile ukwenza imisebenzi yangaphandle.

GSAM 363Umzimba Kufanele Ugqokwe Ngokulinganayo

GSAM 363.1“Noma yinde kangakanani ingubo, izitho zabo kumele zigqokwe ngokuphelele njengalezo zamadoda. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokugqoka amabhulukwe anezendlalelo, aqoqwe ebhandeni aboshwe eqakaleni, noma enziwe agcwele futhi anciphe ngaphansi; lawa kumele ehle ngokwanele ukuze ahlangane nesicathulo. Imilenze egqokwe kanjalo, kuhlanganise namaqakala, ivikelwe emoyeni ohambayo. Uma izinyawo nezitho zigcinwa zifudumele ngezembatho ezifudumele, ukujikeleza kwegazi kuyalingana, igazi lihlala lihlanzekile futhi linempilo, ngoba aliqandi noma alivinjwanga endleleni yalo yemvelo ngaphakathi komzimba.”

GSAM 363.2Ubude bale ngubo bubonisiwe njengendlela efanele phakathi komfaniswano onomsila ne-American Costume. Akuzange kuthiwe noma ubani kumele ayigqoke, kodwa kwathiwa abafanele bathathe isinyathelo sokuyeka ukuthonya kwabo, nokudikibalisa labo abafanele basize. Akuzange kuthiwe kumele bagqokele amaqakala abo ngendlela echazwe lapha, kodwa kwathiwa kungenziwa ngaleyo ndlela. Uma umgomo ofanayo ufezwa ngenye indlela, njengokugqoka izingubo zangaphansi ezinde namalegini anithiwe, bekuzoba ngokuhambisana ngokuphelele naleso sifakazelo.

GSAM 363Amaphuzu Amahlanu Abalulekile Ekugqokeni Okunempilo

GSAM 363.3Kuyabonakala ukuthi esitayeleni sokugqoka esinconyiwe kunamaphuzu amahlanu ezibalulekile ekugqokeni okunempilo, okungukuthi:—

GSAM 363.41. Ukususa ama-corset kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokucindezela isinqe.

GSAM 363.52. Ukususa zonke izibopho ezingalweni noma emilenzeni ezingavimbela ukujikeleza okukhululekile kwegazi.

GSAM 364.13. Ukugqoka zonke izingxenye zomzimba ngokulinganayo, ikakhulukazi izinyawo namaqakala.

GSAM 364.24. Ukuxhasa iziketi emahlombe, futhi kungavunyelwe nhlobo ukuthi zixhonywe ezinqeni ngamabhande.

GSAM 364.35. Ubude bengubo.

GSAM 364.4Amaphuzu amane okuqala manje sekusekelwa ngudokotela ngamunye ohlakaniphile, kanti mayelana nophuzu lwesihlanu, zombili ingubo enomsila kanye nengubo emfushane kakhulu manje sezilahliwe.

GSAM 364UNkk. Jenness-Miller Ngokugqoka

GSAM 364.5Ngonyaka ka-1890 uNkk. Jenness-Miller, waseNew York, ephephandabeni lesayensi yezempilo lokugqoka elihamba phambili ngaleso sikhathi, wakhuthaza abesifazane ukuthi banciphise izingubo zabo kancane kancane, ukuze kungabi noshintsho olukhulu ngokweqile, kuze zifinyelele cishe phezulu kwebhuthi lowesifazane—ubude obuphakanyiswe yi-Testimony No. 11.

GSAM 364Ukusekelwa kukaDkt. Trall

GSAM 364.6Ngo-1868 kwahlelwa ukuthi uDkt. R. T. Trall, waseKolishi Lezempilo Nokwelapha laseFlorence Heights, eNew Jersey, anikeze inkambo yezinkulumo yeviki elilodwa phambi kwabashumayeli bethu eBattle Creek, eMichigan, ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngesikhathi sale nkambo udokotela wayeyisivakashi sikaMfundisi White. UNkk. White akazange aye ezinkulumweni, kodwa njengoba udokotela wayehamba nsuku zonke ngenqola noMfundisi White nomkakhe kanye noMfundisi J. N. Andrews, kwakuqondakala ukuthi wayezolalela imibono yakhe mayelana nezempilo, izifo nezimbangela zazo, imiphumela yemithi, njll. Wayekhuluma nje ngalokho ayekuboniswe embonweni, kodwa engasho umthombo awathola kuwo ulwazi lwakhe. Udokotela wathi isayensi yezokwelapha yayihambisana nemibono ayeyiveza. UMfundisi Andrews wangitshela ukuthi ekupheleni kwengxoxo yosuku lwesibili udokotela wabuza uNkk. White ukuthi waphothula kuphi izifundo zakhe kwezokwelapha. Wamangala lapho ezwa ukuthi wayengakaze afunde lezi zinto, kodwa wayemnike umphumela walokho okwabonisiwe kuye e-Otsego, eMichigan, mhla ziyi-6 kuJuni 1863. Wamqinisekisa ukuthi imibono yakhe yayihambisana ngokuphelele ne-physiology kanye nezempilo, nokuthi kwezinye izihloko wayejule kunaye. Ngemva kwezinsuku cishe ezinhlanu zokugibela nokuxoxa kanjalo, udokotela wafuna ukwazi kuMfundisi White ukuthi kungani emenywe ukuba ashiye ikolishi lakhe ukuze enze inkulumo phambi kwabashumayeli e-Battle Creek. Wathi, “UNkk. White ulungele ngokulinganayo ukubanika imfundo edingekayo kwezempilo njengami.”

GSAM 365Isayensi Yezokwelapha Iyavuma

GSAM 365.1Imibhalo yakhe eminingi ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuhlanzeka okusebenzayo isikhathi eside isesidlangalaleni, futhi eminingi yayo manje isiqoqwe encwadini ebizwa ngokuthi Christian Temperance and Bible Hygiene. Abanye odokotela abafundiswe kakhulu bamemezele, ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela le mibhalo, ukuthi isayensi yezokwelapha iyavumelana ngokuphelele nayo. Kuye, le mibhalo ayiyona imiphumela yokutadisha, kodwa kuwukubhala nje lokho iNkosi eyambonisa kuye embonweni.

GSAM 365Ubufakazi bukaDkt. Kellogg

GSAM 365.2Njengesitatimende sokuthi ucwaningo lwesayensi yezokwelapha luhambelana kanjani nalokho okwavezwa embonweni kuNkk. White ngo-1863, ngizocaphuna esandulweni se-Christian Temperance amazwi abhalwe nguJ. H. Kellogg, M.D., osekhanda leSanitarium edume umhlaba wonke e-Battle Creek, eMichigan. Uthi:—

GSAM 365.3“1. Ngesikhathi imibhalo ekhulunywe ngayo yaqala ukuvela, udaba lwezempilo lwalunganakwa cishe ngokuphelele, hhayi kuphela ngabantu ababeyibhalelwe, kodwa nomhlaba wonke.

GSAM 365.4“2. Abambalwa ababemela isidingo sokuguqulwa kwemikhuba yomzimba, babephromotha ngokuhlangene nokusekela izimiso zangempela zokuguqulwa amaphutha avelele kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izimo, amaphutha anyanyekayo.

GSAM 366.1“3. Akukho ndawo futhi akekho umuntu owethule iqoqo elihlelekile nelihambisanayo leqiniso lezempilo, elingenazo iziphambeko ezibonakalayo futhi elihambisana neBhayibheli nezimiso zenkolo yobuKristu.

GSAM 366.2“Ngezimo ezinjalo kwavela imibhalo ekhulunywe ngayo. Izimiso ezifundiswayo azizange zisekelwe ngobufakazi besayensi, kodwa zethulwa ngendlela elula, ecacile ngumuntu ongazibambi njengochwepheshe kwezesayensi, kodwa othi ubhala ngosizo nangokugunyazwa kokukhanyiselwa okungcwele.

GSAM 366Izimiso Zime Ukuhlolwa

GSAM 366.3“Imigomo eyethulwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile kangaka kanye nezimangalo ezimangalisayo imile kanjani ekuhlolweni kwesikhathi nesipiliyoni? kuwumbuzo ongafaneleka kakhulu ukubuza. Impendulo yalo itholakala emaqiniso angafakazelwa ngokugcwele.... Izimiso ezazinganakwa ngokuphelele noma ezazihlekiswa eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule sezithole indlela ngokuthula ekuthenjweni nasekuhlonipheni komphakathi, kuze kwaba sekukhona ukukhohlwa ngokuphelele emhlabeni ukuthi azizange zamukelwe ngale ndlela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukutholakala okusha kwesayensi nokuchazwa kabusha kweqiniso elidala kuye kwengeza ubufakazi bokuqinisekisa ngokuqhubekayo, kuze kube manje zonke izimiso ezazisekelwa eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule seziziqiniswe ngendlela eqinile kakhulu ngobufakazi besayensi.

GSAM 366Ubufakazi Bokuthi Imibono Ivela KuNkulunkulu

GSAM 366.4“Ngokuqinisekile kumele kubhekwe njengento emangalisayo, futhi ekhombisa ubufakazi obungangabazeki bokubona okuhlakaniphile nokuqondiswa okuvela kuNkulunkulu, ukuthi phakathi kwezimfundiso ezididayo neziphikisanayo, ezifuna igunya lesayensi nesipiliyoni, kodwa ezigobile ngemibono edlulele futhi ezingasebenzi okuhle ngenxa yokuxubana okukhulu kwamaphutha,—kumele kuvunywe ukuthi kuyinto engajwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ongazibeki njengomuntu onolwazi lwesayensi noma ofundile abe akwazi ukuhlela, kusuka eqoqweni lemibono edidayo negcwele amaphutha eyayiphakanyiswe ngababhali nabacabangi abambalwa ngezempilo—iqoqo lemigomo yezempilo ehlangene kahle, ehambisanayo, neyangempela kangangokuba izingxoxo, ucwaningo, izinto ezitholwe, kanye nesipiliyoni seminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu akuzange kuholele ekudilizweni komgomo owodwa, kodwa kusize kuphela ekuqiniseni izimfundiso ezifundiswayo.” Kubhalwe, “eBattle Creek, eMich., 1890.”

GSAM 367Isikhungo Sezempilo Esandisiwe

GSAM 367.1Ngaphansi kokuphathwa kukaJ. H. Kellogg, M.D., ojoyine lesi sikhungo njengodokotela omkhulu ngo-1876, kwatholakala ukuthi isidingo sokwelashwa besikhulu kangangokuthi entwasahlobo ka-1877 kwadingeka kwengezwe izindawo. Igama lesikhungo lashintshwa ngo-1876 lisuka kuSikhungo Senguquko Yezempilo laba iSanitarium Yezokwelapha Nokuhlinza, kwathi ngo-1878 kwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha esiyinhloko.

GSAM 367.2Lesi sakhiwo sasilingana nezinyawo eziyi-136 ngobude neziyi-46 ngobubanzi, sinezitezi ezine ngaphezulu kwegumbi elingaphansi komhlaba. Sasifudunyezwa yonke indawo ngomusi, futhi sasikhanyiswa ngegesi. Maduzane nje ngemva kokuvulwa kwaso, sasicishe sigcwele iziguli nezivakashi.

GSAM 367.3Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, konke okwakubikezelwe ngo-1866 ngobufakazi bukaNkk. White mayelana nalesi sikhungo sekugcwalisekile ngokumangalisayo. Abaningi babesevele bamukela ukukhanya kweqiniso langaleso sikhathi, abaqale ukwazi ngalaba bantu ngokufika kwabo kulesi sikhungo befuna impilo.

GSAM 367Indawo Yokuphumula Yezempilo Yasemaphandleni

GSAM 367.4Ku-Signs of the Times, mhlaka 22 Novemba 1877, uM. G. Kellogg, M.D., umfowabo ngomzali oyedwa ka-J. H. Kellogg, wamemezela ukuthi useqinisekisile izindawo eceleni kweNtaba iHowell, amamayela amabili nengxenye enyakatho-mpumalanga kweSt. Helena, eNapa County, eCalifornia, futhi wayezokwakha isakhiwo esizobizwa ngokuthi “Indawo Yokuphumula Yezempilo Yasemaphandleni,” esiseduze kweCrystal Springs. Ebusika buka-1877-78 kwakhiwa isakhiwo, futhi savulwa ukuze kulashwe iziguli ekuqaleni kuka-1878. Le ndawo yokuphumula yezempilo, njengesikhungo esiyinhloko, iSanitarium eBattle Creek, ayikhulanga ngosayizi kuphela, kodwa futhi ibe yindawo lapho abaningi beholelwa khona ukuze bafunde futhi bamukele umyalezo.

GSAM 368Ijenali Yezempilo YasePacific

GSAM 368.1Ihlobo lika-1885 kwakuyisikhathi esigcwele izenzakalo zentuthuko emsebenzini womyalezo wengelosi yesithathu. Ngo-1 Meyi, iNdawo Yokuphumula Yezempilo Yasemaphandleni eSt. Helena yabekwa ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwezokwelapha kukadokotela oqeqeshiwe. Ngenyanga kaJuni kwaqalwa ukushicilelwa kabili ngenyanga kwePacific Health Journal and Temperance Advocate, umagazini wamakhasi angu-24 owawuphathwa ngokuhlela nguMfundisi J. H. Waggoner. Ngenxa yalezi zinsiza, kwavela impilo entsha esikhungweni sezempilo, esikhundleni sokulahlekelwa njengeminyaka eyedlule, saqala ukukhombisa, unyaka nonyaka, inzuzo engenayo ephakathi kuka-$2,000 no-$4,000 ngonyaka, kuze kube unyaka owaphela ngo-Ephreli 1891, lapho sakhombisa inzuzo engenayo engaphezu kuka-$12,000.

GSAM 368.2Emhlanganweni we-Rural Health Retreat Association eSt. Helena ngo-1887, kwenziwa lesi sitatimende mayelana nezimali zesikhungo: ngoMeyi 1, 1885, inani elisele lesikhungo lalingu-$5,322.76 kuphela, okungukuthi lalingaphansi ngo-$2,547.24 kunazo zonke izitoko ezazikhishiwe kuze kube yilolo suku. Ngamanye amazwi, isikhungo sasisebenzise yonke imali eyayizuze kanye namadola angu-2,547.24 wesitoko sayo senhloko. Ngo-Ephreli 1, 1887, inani lenhlangano ngaphezu kwezikweletu zayo zonke lalingamadola angu-21,372.64, noma inzuzo ezinyangeni ezingamashumi amabili nantathu engu-$16,049.88. Kulesi sibalo, kwakuthathwe izabelo ezingama-$5,280, kwenziwa neminikelo enhlangano engu-$2,497.60; ngakho-ke ekusebenzeni kwenhlangano kwaba nenzuzo engenayo engu-$8,272.28. Ngalesi sikhathi iPacific Health Journal yakhishwa njengomagazini wamakhasi angu-32 wanyanga zonke, enesembozo, kwatholakala ukuthi isiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izintshisekelo nemigomo yenhlangano.

GSAM 369Umsebenzi Wobubele

GSAM 369.1Ku-Medical Missionary, ngoJanuwari 1891, ekhuluma ngeSanitarium yaseBattle Creek, uDkt. J. H. Kellogg wathi:—

GSAM 369.2“Ukwelashwa kobubele okunikezwe ngesikhathi seminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu isikhungo sisebenza kufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-$100,000, izikhathi eziningi kunemali eyayitshalwe ekuqaleni.

GSAM 369.3“Ngaphezu komsebenzi wobubele okukhulunywe ngawo, inhlangano ithumele abakhulumi, abahlengikazi, abafundisi bezikole zokupheka, nabanye abantu abaqeqeshelwe imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yobumishinari.”

GSAM 369Isicelo Ngezintandane

GSAM 369.4Engqungqutheleni Jikelele, mhla ziyi-8 kuMashi 1891, uDkt. Kellogg wenza isicelo esinamandla egameni lezingane ezintandane. Wathi: “Ngithola sengiqokwe ‘njengommeli jikelele,’ futhi ngizomela labo abangamele—izingane ezintandane, ezinganabo abazikhathalelayo.”

GSAM 369Isipho sikaNkk. Haskell esingu-$30,000

GSAM 369.5Ku-Home Missionary, ngoJanuwari 1892, kwenziwa isicelo esinamandla sokuthola izinsiza zokwakha ikhaya lezingane ezintandane. Kuleyo ncwadi kwakubhalwe amagama abo abazinikele ngemali engu-$17,716—abakhuthazi balolu hlelo bacabanga ukuthi le mali incane kakhulu kulo msebenzi omkhulu kangaka, ngakho kwakusabekwa ukulibaziseka ekuqalisweni komsebenzi. Kodwa lowo obona ukuphela kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi ongumnikazi “wezinkomo ezintabeni eziyinkulungwane,” wahlela izenzakalo ngendlela yokuthi owesifazane ocebile ongeyena owokholo lwethu, uNkk. Caroline E. Haskell, waseChicago, umfelokazi kaMnu. Frederick Haskell, lapho ezwa ngalo msebenzi wobubele owawuhlelwe, ngokushesha wanikela ikomidi lokwakha imali engu-$30,000, ngemibandela elula yokuthi yonke isetshenziselwe ukwakha ikhaya lezingane ezintandane ngokwezinhlelo ezazichazwe ngaphambilini, ukuthi liphethwe ngomoya obanzi nowenkululeko, nokuthi lesi sikhungo sibizwe ngeKhaya Lesikhumbuzo SikaHaskell ukukhumbula umyeni wakhe osefile.

GSAM 370.1Ngezinsiza ezanikezwe kanjalo, iMedical Missionary and Benevolent Association yakwazi, phakathi nonyaka, ukwakha nokuvula lesi sakhiwo njengekhaya lezintandane. Lesi sakhiwo sanikezelwa ngomhlaka 25 Januwari 1894. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isikhathi esiningi umndeni, owakhiwe izintandane, abasizi nothisha, ubungaba cishe abantu abayikhulu.

GSAM 370Ikhaya Lesikhumbuzo SikaJames White

GSAM 370.2Ngaphandle kokunakekela nokweseka lezi zingane ezintandane, le nhlangano iphinde iphathe esinye isikhungo sesisa esibizwa ngeKhaya Lesikhumbuzo SikaJames White, lapho abantu abangaphezu kwamashumi amabili asebekhulile abangenamakhaya banakekelwa futhi benethezeka.

GSAM 370Abamishinari Bezokwelapha

GSAM 370.3Kulo msebenzi, kwathathwa esinye isinyathelo esiqinile lapho kwaqalwa ukuqeqeshwa kwabamishinari bezokwelapha. Ekudumiseni lo mzamo wokuphakamisa isintu, uNkk. White, ngesikhathi ebhala evela ePreston, e-Australia, mhla ziyi-16 Septhemba 1892, wathi:—

GSAM 370.4“Bengingathanda ukuthi kube khona abayikhulu abafundiswayo lapho manje kukhona oyedwa. Kufanele kube kanjalo. Bobabili amadoda nabesifazane bangaba usizo olukhulu njengabamishinari bezokwelapha kunokuba babe ngabamishinari abangenalo ukuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha.”

GSAM 370.5Inani labantu abathatha inkambo yokufundisa eyalungiselela ukungena ekusebenzeni impilo yonke ngale ndlela likhule kakhulu kusukela lokhu kwabhalwa ngenhla.

GSAM 370Ukukhula komsebenzi wezempilo

GSAM 370.6Ku-Medical Missionary, ngoJanuwari 1894, kunesitatimende esifushane esiveza amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nokukhula komsebenzi wezempilo. Sifundeka kanje:

GSAM 371.1“Isikhungo Senguquko Yezempilo sasungulwa ngo-1866.... Kwathengwa indlu eyakhiwe ngamapulangwe elula, indlu yokuhlala yomuntu ozimele endaweni enhle nenempilo ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Battle Creek, enye yamadolobha akhulayo eMichigan. Odokotela ababili, abasizi bokugeza ababili, umhlengikazi oyedwa (ongafundisiwe), abasizi abathathu noma abane, isiguli esisodwa, nezinkinga eziningi, kanye nokholo olukhulu esikhathini esizayo sesikhungo nasemigomeni eyayisekelwe kuyo—lokhu kwakuwukuqala kwalo msebenzi wamanje. Sasaziwa ngokuthi iSikhungo Senguquko Yezempilo.

GSAM 371.2“Endaweni eyayiyindlu encane yokuqala manje sekumi isakhiwo esinezinyawo ezingu-312 ubude nezingu-100 ububanzi, esinezitezi eziyisithupha, esingamukela izivakashi ezingamakhulu amathathu, esihlotshiswe ngazo zonke izinto zokusebenza ezingaphakanyiswa yisayensi yesimanje ukuze kunakekelwe abagulayo futhi kubuyiselwe impilo yabo. Odokotela abayishumi, iningi labo abangochwepheshe emikhakheni yabo, bayingxenye yefakulti yezokwelapha. Abahlengikazi nabanye abasizi bangumndeni wabantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, futhi ukwesekwa kwalesi sikhungo kumela zonke izifundazwe ze-Union, kanye nezivakashi eziningi ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Iminyango yaso ivulekile njalo kumishinari, wasekhaya noma wangaphandle, wanoma yiliphi ibandla, futhi umndeni awuvamile ukuba ungenaso isivakashi esisodwa noma eziningi.

GSAM 371Isibhedlela seSanitarium

GSAM 371.3“Isibhedlela sakhiwa ngo-1888, isakhiwo esingu-100 x 60 izinyawo, esinezitezi ezinhlanu. Ezintathu zezitezi eziphezulu zesakhiwo zisetshenziselwa umnyango wokuhlinzwa weSanitarium, amagumbi eziguli, namawadi. Amahhovisi omsebenzi wobubele wenhlangano nawo atholakala lapha. Izindlu ezincane ezingamashumi amabili, eziningana zazo ezifudunyezwa ngumusi, futhi ezikhanyiswa ugesi njengesakhiwo esiyinhloko, zihlangene nalo, futhi zigcwele iziguli noma abafundi. Isikole sokuqeqesha abahlengikazi bobumishinari bezokwelapha sasungulwa mhla ziyi-1 kuJulayi 1884. Phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala, abafundi abangamashumi amathathu nanhlanu babhaliswa.”

GSAM 372Isibikezelo Sabasebenzi Abaya Phambili

GSAM 372.1Ekukhuluma ngesikhungo sezempilo esiseSt. Helena, eCal., uNkk. White, kumbiko owabhalwa eTramelan, eSwitzerland, mhla ziyi-6 kuFebhuwari 1887, uthi:—

GSAM 372.2“UNkulunkulu uthe uma amadoda axhumene nalesi sikhungo ehamba ngokuzithoba nangokulalela, enza intando kaNkulunkulu, sizophila futhi siphumelele; futhi kuso kuzothunyelwa abamishinari ukuze babusise abanye ngokukhanya uNkulunkulu abanike kona. Laba, ngomoya kaJesu, bazobhidliza izithombe ezindaweni eziphakeme; bazoveza inkolo-manga, futhi bathele iqiniso, ubuhlanzeko nobungcwele lapho okwamanje kugcinwa khona kuphela amaphutha, ukuzithokozisa, ukungazithibi, nobubi.”

GSAM 372.3Siphinda la mazwi ngoba asebenza ngokulinganayo nakwezinye izikhungo ezifana nalezi.

GSAM 372Impumelelo emsebenzini wezempilo ithembisiwe

GSAM 372.4Esifakazelweni esikhethekile esanikezwa ebandleni ngo-1891, sifunda: “Isibusiso sikaNkulunkulu sizohlala phezu kwayo yonke imizamo eyenziwa ukuvusa intshisekelo ekulungisweni kwezempilo; ngoba kudingeka yonke indawo. Kufanele kube nokuvuselelwa kulesi simo; ngoba uNkulunkulu uhlose ukwenza okuningi ngaleli thuluzi.”

GSAM 372IKolishi LaseMelika Labamishinari Bezokwelapha

GSAM 372.5Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukukhanya kwaqhubekela phambili endleleni enengqondo yokwelapha izifo kuze kwaba ngoJuni 1895, kwavela isidingo sokwakhiwa kwesikhungo semfundo yezokwelapha. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, iKolishi LaseMelika Labamishinari Bezokwelapha lasungulwa ngenhloso ekhethekile yokuqeqesha odokotela ukuthi basebenze ngaphansi kwe-Seventh-day Adventist Medical Missionary and Benevolent Association, emakhaya nasemazweni angaphandle. Imicimbi yokuqalisa yabanjelwa eBattle Creek, mhla zingama-30 kuSepthemba 1895, kwathi ikolishi lavulwa ngosuku olulandelayo, mhla ziyi-1 ku-Okthoba, linabafundi abangamashumi amane.

GSAM 372.6Esimemezelweni sekolishi sifunda:

GSAM 372.6“Ikolishi libhaliswe ngokusemthethweni eChicago, ngaphansi kwemithetho yeSifundazwe sase-Illinois. Uhlelo lokufunda luzoba ngokujulile njengalokho lwezikole zezokwelapha ezihamba phambili e-United States. Ukufundiswa kuzokwenzeka ingxenye eChicago, ingxenye eBattle Creek, eMichigan.”

GSAM 373.1Mayelana nalabo abazilungiselela umsebenzi wobumishinari bezokwelapha sifunda lokhu okulandelayo ku-Medical Missionary, Agasti 1895:

GSAM 373.1“Ikilasi labahlengikazi abaqeqeshwayo eSikoleni Sokuqeqesha Abahlengikazi seSanitarium yaseBattle Creek libalelwa ngaphezu kuka-250; wonke umuntu kulabo osevele ekwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wobumishinari bezokwelapha unikezwe isikhundla. Kudingeka abahlengikazi eziqhingini zaseNingizimu Yolwandle, eNdiya, eWest Indies, eNingizimu Melika, abangamashumi amabili nanhlanu noma abangamashumi amathathu ezifundazweni zaseNingizimu e-United States, nasemadolobheni ethu amakhulu.”

GSAM 373Ukukhula komsebenzi wobumishinari bezokwelapha

GSAM 373.2Emcimbini wokuthweswa iziqu kwekilasi labahlengikazi bobumishinari beSanitarium, owabanjelwa eTabernacle, mhlaka 5 Novemba 1895, uDkt. Kellogg wathi:—

GSAM 373.3“Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili edlule, emcimbini onjengalona, abahlengikazi ababili bathweswa iziqu. Njengamanje kunenhlangano yabahlengikazi abaphakathi kuka-300 no-400. Kukhona odokotela abayishumi nesishiyagalolunye eSanitarium, nabangamashumi amabili nambili kwezinye izikhungo ezifana naleyo, ezixhumene kancane neSanitarium, futhi eziphathwa yiMedical Missionary and Benevolent Association. Abahlengikazi bethu abangamashumi amahlanu nantathu bakwamanye amazwe ahlukene,—eSweden, eMexico Elidala, eGold Coast yase-Afrika, e-Australia, eNingizimu Afrika, eDenmark, eNdiya, eNew Zealand, eSamoa, naseBritish Guiana. Kukhona abafundi bezokwelapha abangamashumi ayisithupha nantathu abaqeqeshwayo njengamanje. Abangamashumi amane nanye babo bakhona lapha, abangamashumi amabili nambili baseNyuvesi yaseMichigan nakwezinye izikole. Abahlengikazi abangamashumi amabili nambili bazothweswa iziqu lapha namhlanje ebusuku abakulungele ngokuphelele ukuya phambili njengabahlengikazi abagunyaziwe.”

GSAM 373.4Uma silandela ukukhula kwezikhungo zethu zezempilo kuze kube ngonyaka ka-1902, sithola iSanitarium yaseBattle Creek, enekolishi layo lezokwelapha nesikole sokuqeqesha abahlengikazi, iyisikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke zalolu hlobo emhlabeni esiphethwe ngama-Adventist oSuku Lwesikhombisa.

GSAM 374Izindlu Ezinkulu Zashiswa

GSAM 374.1Ngobusuku bukaFebhuwari 18, 1902, isakhiwo esikhulu esiyinhloko, esinezinsiza ezinhle, kanye nesibhedlela esikhulu nesinendawo eningi, kwashiswa umlilo. Kwakukhona iziguli nezivakashi ezingamakhulu amane ezakhiweni ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa ngenxa yemizamo yobuqhawe yodokotela, abahlengikazi nabasizi, nangokuvikelwa okukhethekile kweNkosi, bonke bakhishwa ezakhiweni bengalimali kakhulu.

GSAM 374ISanitarium Entsha

GSAM 374.2Esinye isakhiwo, esikhulu futhi esiqinile kunesangaphambili, sakhiwe endaweni yezakhiwo ezindala. Itshe lesisekelo lesakhiwo samanje lafakwa ngoMeyi 12, 1902, kwathi isakhiwo sanikezelwa ngoMeyi 31, 1903. Abaphathi besikhungo bathi ngalesi sakhiwo esisha ukuthi “siqinile futhi sihlala isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ngensimbi, itshe, izitini, nesamente.

GSAM 374.3“Izisetshenziswa zesikhungo kuzo zonke izici ziyizinto zesimanje kakhulu, eziphelele, ezihlanzekile, ezilula futhi eziqinile ezingatholakala; futhi kukholakala ukuthi, njengoba sekuphelile manje, iSanitarium yaseBattle Creek inikeza izinsiza nezinduduzo zabagulayo ezingadlulwa yilutho.

GSAM 374.4“Inhloso yabaphathi besikhungo bekukuhlanganisa ndawonye endaweni eyodwa nangaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zonke izindlela ezintsha nemishini yokwelapha abagulayo evunywe kwezokwelapha okunengqondo okusekelwe esayensini, nokusebenzisa lezo zindlela ngokuzinikela nangokuhlakanipha.”

GSAM 374Kuzosungulwa Izikhungo Zempilo Eziningi

GSAM 374.5Ukukhanya okwaziswe kulaba bantu ukuthi iNkosi ifuna izikhungo zempilo eziningi, anobukhulu obulingeneyo, asakazeke emhlabeni wonke, kunokuba kube nezikhungo ezimbalwa ezinkulu kakhulu. Siyajabula ukuqaphela ukuthi sekwenzeke ukuqala kokuvula ama-sanitarium amancane ezindaweni ezahlukene zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Encwadini ethi General Conference Year Book ka-1904 kunohlu lwezikhungo ezincane ezingaphezu kwama-50.

GSAM 375Uhlu lwamaSanitarium

GSAM 375.1Nakuba kungaba yinto ethokozisayo ukuchaza izimo eziholele ekusungulweni kwazo, kumele, ngenxa yesikhala esincane esinakho, saneliseke ngohlu lwezizwe lapho zikhona nenani kuzo ezweni ngalinye. Sithola e-United States, 35; eGreat Britain, 3; eJalimane, 1; eSwitzerland, 1; eDenmark, 1; eNorway, 1; eSweden, 1; eNingizimu Afrika, 1; e-Australia, 2; eNew Zealand, 1; esiQhingini saseSamoa, 1; eMexico Yakudala, 1; eNdiya, 1; eJapan, 1.

GSAM 375Uhlu lwamagumbi okwelapha

GSAM 375.2Ngaphandle kwalezi zikhungo zokwelapha kunezindawo zokwelapha ezingamashumi amabili nambili, eziyishumi nesikhombisa zazo ezise-United States; eyodwa eJaffa, eyodwa eJerusalema, ePalestina; eyodwa eGuadalajara, eMexico Yakudala; eyodwa eKimberley, eNingizimu Afrika; kanye eyodwa eRockhampton, e-Australia. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kunezindawo zokudlela ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha zokudla imifino lapho abantu bengathola khona ukudla okuhlanzekile okunempilo, futhi bathola imfundo eyengeziwe noma encane mayelana nendlela efanele yokuphila.

GSAM 375.3Lezi zibalo eziphathelene nokuthuthuka kwezimiso zokulungiswa kwezempilo zikhombisa ukuthi iNkosi ingafeza “umsebenzi omkhulu ngaleli thuluzi”, njengoba kwakubikezelwe ngokomoya ngo-1866; futhi zikhombisa, njengoba kwakubikezelwe ngo-1863, ukuthi “izimiso zokulungiswa kwezempilo” zingadlala indima “ekulungiseni abantu ukuze badluliselwe lapho iNkosi ifika.” Ngakho-ke lezi zikhungo zezempilo makakhule aphindwe kayikhulu, futhi maduze aqedele lokho abekelwe khona futhi abakhelwe khona.