Isahluko 23 — Amaziko Ezempilo

GSAM 358.1“SITHANDWA, ndinqwenela ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinto ukuba uphumelele kwaye ube sempilweni, kanye njengokuba umphefumlo wakho uphumelela.”¹

GSAM 358.2NgeSabatha, umhla we-6 kuJuni, 1863, uMfundisi uWhite nomfazi wakhe baye kwindibano yentente eyayibanjwe ngooMfundisi uCornell noLawrence eOtsego, eMich. Kwakule ndibano uNksk. White wanikwa umbono owamvulela umxholo wohlaziyo lwempilo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, amanqaku ngempilo nokuphila impilo entle apapashwa kwiReview, waza waqala ukubhala oko wayekhanyiselwe kona ngempilo. Enye yale nto yavela kwiTestimony No. 11, nakwincwadi enesihloko esithi, How to Live.

GSAM 358.3Umxholo wokuphila ngendlela esempilweni kunye nobudlelwane bawo obufanelekileyo nophuhliso lomzimba, lwengqondo, nolomoya, wabekwa phambi kwabantu ngokucacileyo. Kwi-Review yango-Oktobha 25, 1864, uMfundisi uJ. N. Andrews wenza ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zibalulekileyo ngalo mxholo:—

GSAM 358UJ. N. Andrews Ngokuphila Okunempilo

GSAM 358.4“Ukusishiya sonke isidlo esiyingozi, nokuphila ubomi bokuzithiba phantsi kwempembelelo yokufundiswa okulungileyo nesazela esisingise kuThixo, zezinye zezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo entle. Imizimba yethu ziitempile zoMoya oyiNgcwele. Ukuze simzukise ngokwenene emizimbeni yethu njengoko simzukisa emimoyeni yethu, hayi indlela ekufuneka ngayo ukuba sibe namandla apheleleyo onke amandla omzimba wethu! Enkosi kuThixo ukuba lo mbandela ngoku ubekwa ngokukodwa phambi kwabantu bakuthi. Impilo namandla zizinto ezixabiseke kakhulu kuthi, kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu kwabo baza kubona iziganeko ezikhulu zexesha lengxaki.”

GSAM 359.1Umba wococeko olusekelwe eBhayibhileni nokuzithiba kobuKristu wawuxhaswa, kungekuphela nje ngamanqaku e-Review, kodwa nangabafundisi bethu.

GSAM 359.2KwiNkomfa Jikelele, ngomhla wama-20 kuMeyi, 1866, kwakunikwa lo myalelo ulandelayo nguNksk. White (ofanayo uyafumaneka kwiNgxelo yama-11):—

GSAM 359Kufuneka Kubekho Iziko Lezempilo

GSAM 359.3“Ndiboniswe ukuba kufuneka simisele ikhaya labantu abagulayo, kunye nabo banqwenela ukufunda indlela yokunyamekela imizimba yabo ukuze bathintele ukugula....

GSAM 359.4“Njengoko abangakholwayo beya kusebenzisa iziko elizinikele kunyango oluphumelelayo lwezifo, eliqhutywa ngoogqirha abagcina iSabatha, baya kuziswa ngqo phantsi kwempembelelo yenyaniso. Ngokwazi abantu bethu nokholo lwethu lokwenene, ucalucalulo lwabo luya koyiswa, kwaye baya kuchukunyiswa kakuhle. Ngokubekwa ngolu hlobo phantsi kwempembelelo yenyaniso, abanye abayi kufumana nje kuphela isiqabu kwizifo zomzimba, kodwa baya kufumana isithambiso esiphilisayo semiphefumlo yabo egula ngenxa yesono.

GSAM 359Uqikelelo lweziphumo

GSAM 359.5“Njengoko impilo yabantu abagulayo isiya isiba ngcono phantsi konyango olulumkileyo, baze baqalise ukonwabela ubomi, baba nethemba kwabo babe negalelo ekubuyiselweni kwabo empilweni. Iintliziyo zabo zizaliswa ngumbulelo, nembewu elungileyo yenyaniso iya kufumana indawo yokuhlala apho ngokulula, kwaye kwezinye iimeko iya kukhuliswa, ikhule, ize ithwale isiqhamo kubungangamsha bukaThixo. Umphefumlo omnye oxabisekileyo osindisiweyo uya kuxabisa ngaphezu kwayo yonke imithombo efunekayo ukuseka umbutho onjalo....

GSAM 359.6“Abanye abaya emakhaya bephilile, okanye befumene inzuzo enkulu, baya kuba sisixhobo sokwazisa ukholo lwethu kwiindawo ezintsha, nokuphakamisa ibhanile yenyaniso apho bekungayi kuba nokwenzeka ukufikelela khona ukuba bekungekho ucalucalulo olususiwe kuqala ezingqondweni ngokuhlala phakathi kwabantu bethu ngenjongo yokufumana impilo.”

GSAM 360.1Kwagqitywa ngokuvotwa ngamxhelo mnye ngabantu bethu ababebuthene, ukuba kwakamsinya nje okwenzekayo kuvulwe iziko lezempilo eBattle Creek okanye kufutshane nayo, kwaye libe phantsi kolawulo lwezonyango lukaGqr. H. S. Lay, owayechithe, ukongeza kwimfundo yakhe yangaphambili yezonyango, ngaphezu konyaka kwiziko lokunyanga ngamanzi laseMpuma efunda iindlela zonyango lwamanzi.

GSAM 360Indawo yeZiko lezeMpilo Ithengiwe

GSAM 360.2Ukusekwa kwesikhungo esinje ngelo xesha kwakubonakala ngathi ngumsebenzi omkhulu; kwaye ukuba bekungengenxa yesi sibakala sikhuthazayo malunga nesiphumo, bekuya kubakho ukulibaziseka ekungeneleni kulo msebenzi. Endaweni yokulibaziseka, nangona kunjalo, kwadlula iintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuvalwa kwenkomfa phambi kokuba kuthengwe indlu enkulu yokuhlala kaJaji Graves, enomhlaba wee-acre ezisibhozo, eyayiyindawo yakhe entle yokuhlala eWest Battle Creek. Ecaleni kwesi sakhiwo kwakhona kwakhawuleza kwakhiwa isongezelelo esinemigangatho emibini ukuze sisetyenziswe njengeegumbi zokuhlambela. Kwezi zakhiwo kwavulwa iZiko loHlaziyo lweMpilo.

GSAM 360.3Kwi-Review yomhla we-19 kuJuni 1866, kwenziwa isibhengezo sokuqala esikhulu sokufuna abatyali-mali kweli ziko. Kulo nombolo inye yephephandaba kwenziwa ingxelo yokuba izabelo bezisele zibhaliswe ngamabandla aseBattle Creek, eMich., nase-Olcott, eN.Y., zexabiso eliyi-$2,625, okanye izabelo ezili-105 ze-$25 isinye. Ngenxa yokuba kwakungekho mthetho kwiPhondo laseMichigan obungavumela ukuba kusekwe umbutho wokulawula amaziko ezempilo, impahla yagcinwa phantsi kwenkathalo yomntu okhethekileyo okwethutyana, de kwaba nokwenzeka ukuba umbutho usekwe ngokusemthethweni.

GSAM 360Kuqaliswe iJenali yezeMpilo

GSAM 360.4Ngo-Agasti wokuqala kwakhona kwaqaliswa ngabaphathi ukupapashwa kwephephancwadi lonyango lenyanga, elinamaphepha alishumi elinesithandathu kunye nekhava, elikwimo yimagazini. Eli lathiwa yi-Health Reformer. Eli phephancwadi lisaqhubeka, phantsi kwegama elithi Good Health, kwaye ngoku yeyona magazini yonyango iphambili ehlabathini. Le jenali ayizange ithethe nje ngemigaqo yempilo nokuzithiba, kodwa ikwayayindlela yokwazisa ngeli ziko lezempilo, elavulwa ngokusesikweni ukuba lwamkele izigulana nabahlali ngomhla wesi-5 kuSeptemba, 1866. Ngoko ke yayikho le ndawo yezempilo, ethengiweyo, ixhotyiswe, kwaye isebenza kwisithuba esingaphantsi kweenyanga ezine ukusukela oko lo mba wakhulunywa okokuqala kubantu bakuthi; kwaye kwabhaliselwa izabelo ezixabisa i-$11,000, inxalenye enkulu yaloo mali yayisele ihlawulwe.

GSAM 361Ukusekwa kweNkampani yezonyango

GSAM 361.1Ngethuba lasebusika lika-1866-67 kwapasisa umthetho yiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yaseMichigan owawuvumela ukuba kusekwe inkampani yokulawula iziko lezempilo. Ngomhla we-17 kuMeyi, 1867, kwathathwa eli nyathelo, kwamkelwa imithetho-siseko, yaye izakhiwo nomhlaba kunye nezinye iimpahla zadluliselwa kubaphathiswa abanyulwe ngokusemthethweni. Isixa esipheleleyo semali yesitokhwe ebibhalisiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngaloo mhla sasi yi-$26,100; kuyo, i-$18,264.87 yayihlawulwe. Eli ziko lalinobungakanani obaneleyo boogqirha nabancedisi abaziingcali, kwaye izakhiwo zaziphantse zazele zizigulana, ezininzi kuzo zazisele zamkela ukholo lwethu, emva kokuba zifunde ngathi njengabantu nangenyani emva kokufika kweli ziko.

GSAM 361Indlela yokuNxiba eSempilweni

GSAM 361.2Kuzo zonke iinkulungwane nakuzo zonke iindawo, intliziyo yendalo iyachaphazeleka yimpembelelo yehlabathi, kunye nokuzingca ngobomi, izinto zayo zobuyatha neefashoni zayo. Unyaka ka-1863, kwilizwe lethu, xa umba wezempilo nendlela yokunxiba wawuboniswa kuNksk. White, awuzange wahluke, njengoko kuya kubonakala ngokuthimbeka kwamanenekazi ekulandeleni ifashoni eyayixhaphakile yokunxiba ii-hoops, ubungakanani bazo obwenza uninzi lwabo lwabonakala ngathi luhamba kwibhaluni ejikisiweyo. Malunga nexesha elinye, kwaziswa ezinye iindlela ezimbini ezigqithisileyo zokunxiba ezavusa ingxoxo eninzi. Isaziso esifutshane ngezi zinto, mhlawumbi, siza kulungiselela umfundi ukuba aqonde ngcono ubungqina obanikwe nguNksk. White ngomba wokunxiba, obufumaneka kwiTestimony for the Church, No. 10.

GSAM 362Ukugxeka Iindlela Zokunxiba Ezigqithisileyo

GSAM 362.1Into yokuqala eyayigqithisile yayikukunxiba iilokhwe ezinemisila, ukusuka kwi-intshi ezilishumi ukuya kwisiqingatha seyadi okanye nangaphezulu ngobude, ngokwentando yomnxibeli. Ezi zinto zazisoloko zishiywa zitsala emhlabeni, kwaye zazibizwa ngabantu abaziindoda ngokuba “zizicoci zesitalato.” Okwesibini okugqithisileyo kwakuchasene ncam, kwaye kwakusisinxibo esasifana kangangoko kunokwenzeka nesamadoda. Le fesheni yamkelwa ngabo babelandela uNkosazana Bloomer, kwaye ngenxa yoko yathiwa “ilokhwe kaBloomer.” Ekugqibeleni igama latshintshwa laba “yi-American Costume.” Kwaqhutywa iindibano kwiindawo ngeendawo ngabaxhasi beli nxibo, kwaye oodade bethu abaninzi babesekela ukulamkela. Abanye bayinxiba.

GSAM 362Ubungqina Ngombuzo Wempahla Yokunxiba

GSAM 362.2Ngokuphathelele koko kwabonakaliswa kuNksk. White ngomba wempahla, ndiza kucaphula imihlathi embalwa kwiTestimony No. 11:—

GSAM 362.3Abantu bakaThixo abanyanisekileyo bangokukhanya kwehlabathi netyuwa yomhlaba, kwaye kufuneka bahlale bekhumbula ukuba impembelelo yabo ixabisekile. Ukuba bebengatshintsha impahla yabo ende kakhulu ngale mfutshane kakhulu, bebengayitshabalalisa impembelelo yabo kakhulu. Abangakholwayo, abakufanele ukuba babancede baze bafune ukubazisa kuMvana kaThixo, baya kuyicaphukela. Zininzi iindlela zokuphucula impahla yabafazi ngokunxulumene nempilo, ngaphandle kokwenza utshintsho olukhulu oluya kucaphukisa umbukeli.

GSAM 362Impahla yoHlaziyo

GSAM 362.4“Imilo yomzimba akufuneki icinezelwe nakancinci ngee-corset namathambo e-whale. Ilokhwe kufuneka ikhululeke ngokupheleleyo ukuze imiphunga nentliziyo zikwazi ukusebenza ngendlela esempilweni. Ilokhwe kufuneka ifikelele kancinci ngaphantsi kwencopho yebhutsi, kodwa kufuneka ibe mfutshane ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingangeni kwinkunkuma yendlela yabahambi ngeenyawo neyesitalato, ngaphandle kokuba iphakanyiswe ngesandla. Ilokhwe emfutshane nangakumbi kunesi singafaneleka, silungele, kwaye sibe sempilweni kubafazi xa besenza imisebenzi yasendlini, ingakumbi kwabo banyanzelekileyo ukuba benze umsebenzi ongaphandle.

GSAM 363Umzimba Mawunxitywe Ngokulinganayo

GSAM 363.1“Nokuba ingakanani na ubude beelokhwe zabo, amalungu abo kufuneka anxitywe ngokupheleleyo njengalawo amadoda. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokunxiba ibhulukhwe enolayini, eqokelelwe kwibhanti ize ibotshelelwe ejikeleze iqatha, okanye eyenziwe yaba banzi ize inciphise emazantsi; kwaye ezi kufuneka zehle ngokwaneleyo ukuba zidibane nesihlangu. Amalungu namaqatha xa enxitywe ngolu hlobo akhuselwe kumoya. Ukuba iinyawo nemalungu zigcinwe zifudumele ngempahla efudumeleyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi kuya kulingana, kwaye igazi liya kuhlala licocekile kwaye liphilile, kuba alibandi okanye alithintelwa kuhambo lwalo lwendalo emzimbeni.”

GSAM 363.2Ubude bale ngubo babuboniswa njengendlela ephakathi enconywayo phakathi kwengubo enomsila kunye nesinxibo saseMelika. Akuzange kuthiwe kufuneka wonke umntu ayinxibe, kodwa kwathiwa akufuneki benze into yokuphelisa impembelelo yabo, baze bakhathaze abo bafanele ukubanceda. Akuzange kuthiwe kufuneka bambese amaqatha abo ngale ndlela ichazwe apha, kodwa kwathiwa kunokwenziwa ngolo hlobo. Ukuba injongo efanayo ifezekiswa ngenye indlela, njengakwimeko yezingubo zangaphantsi ezinde kunye neelegi ezilukiweyo, oko kungangqinelana ngokupheleleyo naloo bungqina.

GSAM 363Iingongoma Ezintlanu Ezibalulekileyo Kwisinxibo Esisempilweni

GSAM 363.3Kuza kuqatshelwa ukuba kwisitayile sokunxiba esicebiswayo kukho iingongoma ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo kwimpahla esempilweni, ezithi:—

GSAM 363.41. Ukuyeka ukunxiba iikhorasethi nayo yonke into ecinezela isinqe.

GSAM 363.52. Ukuphelisa zonke iibhendi ezisezingalweni okanye emilenzeni ezinokuthintela ukujikeleza okukhululekileyo kwegazi.

GSAM 364.13. Ukugqoka zonke iinxalenye zomzimba ngokulinganayo, ingakumbi iinyawo namaqatha.

GSAM 364.24. Ukuxhoma iziketi emagxeni, kwaye kungaze kuvunyelwe ukuba zixhome esinqeni, ngeebhanti.

GSAM 364.35. Ubude bengubo.

GSAM 364.4La manqaku okuqala amane ngoku axhaswa ngalo lonke ugqirha ohlakaniphileyo, kwaye ngokuphathelele kwelesihlanu, zombini i-trail kunye nengubo emfutshane kakhulu ngoku azisenziwa.

GSAM 364UNksk. Jenness-Miller malunga neSinxibo

GSAM 364.5Ngo-1890 uNksk. Jenness-Miller, waseNew York, kwijenali yexesha elo yezenzululwazi yezinxibo ezisempilweni enobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, wayebanga ukuba abafazi mabazenze mfutshane iilokhwe zabo kancinci kancinci, ukuze kungabikho utshintsho olukhawuleze kakhulu, de zifikelele malunga nephezulu lebhutsi yomfazi,—kanye ubude obuxhaswe siBungqina No. 11.

GSAM 364Ukungqinelwa kukaGqr. Trall

GSAM 364.6Ngo-1868 kwakulungiselelwe ukuba uGqr. R. T. Trall, weKholeji yeHygieotherapeutic yaseFlorence Heights, N.J., enze iintetho zeveki yonke phambi kwabafundisi bethu eBattle Creek, eMich., ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngethuba lale nkqubo, ugqirha wayengundwendwe lukaMfundisi White. UNksk. White akazange aye kwiintetho, kodwa njengoko ugqirha wayekhwela ngenqwelo yamahashe yonke imihla noMfundisi White kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye noMfundisi J. N. Andrews, kwakuqondakala ukuba wayeza kumamela iingcinga zakhe ngococeko, isifo nezizathu zaso, iziphumo zamayeza, njalo njalo. Wayethetha nje ngoko kwakuboniswe kuye embonweni, kodwa akazange awuchaze umthombo awafumana kuwo ulwazi lwakhe. Ugqirha wathi isayensi yezonyango yayihambelana neengcinga awayezivele. UMfundisi Andrews wandixelela ukuba ekupheleni kwencoko yosuku lwesibini ugqirha wabuza uNksk. White ukuba waphumelela phi kwisayensi yezonyango. Wothuka akufumanisa ukuba akazange afunde ezi zinto, kodwa wayemnika isiphumo sento eyayiboniswe kuye e-Otsego, eMich., ngomhla we-6 kuJuni, 1863. Wamqinisekisa ukuba iingcinga zakhe zonke zazihambelana ngokupheleleyo nesifundo somzimba nokucoceka, nokuba kwizihloko ezininzi wayengene nzulu kunaye. Emva kweentsuku ezimalunga nesihlanu zokukhwela nokuncokola okunjalo, ugqirha wafuna ukwazi kuMfundisi White ukuba kutheni wamenywa ukuba ashiye ikholeji yakhe ukuze enze intetho phambi kwabafundisi e-Battle Creek. Wathi, “UNksk. White ulungele ngokufanayo ukubanika ulwalathiso olufunekayo lokucoceka njengam.”

GSAM 365INzululwazi Yezonyango Iyavuma

GSAM 365.1Iimbhalo zakhe ezininzi ezimalunga namasebe ahlukeneyo ococeko olusebenzayo bezisoloko ziphambili eluntwini iminyaka, kwaye ezininzi kuzo ngoku zidibene kwincwadi enesihloko esithi Christian Temperance and Bible Hygiene. Abanye oogqirha abafunde kakhulu baye bavakalisa, emva kokuhlola ngenyameko ezi mbhalo, ukuba isayensi yezonyango iyavumelana nazo ngokupheleleyo. Kuye, ezi mbhalo azizizo iziphumo zokufunda, kodwa zikukubhala nje oko iNkosi imbonisile embonweni.

GSAM 365Ubungqina bukaGqr. Kellogg

GSAM 365.2Njengobungqina bendlela uphando lwenzululwazi yezonyango oluhambelana ngayo noko kwatyhilwa kuNksk. White ngombono ngo-1863, ndiza kucaphula kwintshayelelo yencwadi ethi Christian Temperance amagama abhalwe nguJ. H. Kellogg, M.D., ongumphathi wesibhedlele sezempilo esidume kwihlabathi jikelele sase-Battle Creek, eMich. Uthi:—

GSAM 365.3“1. Ngethuba imibhalo ekhankanyiweyo yaqala ukuvela, umba wempilo wawuphantse ungahoywa kwaphela, kungekuphela ngabantu eyayibhalelwe bona, kodwa lilizwe lonke.

GSAM 365.4“2. Abambalwa ababexhasa imfuneko yohlaziyo kwimikhwa yomzimba, babesasaza kunye nokuxhasa izimiso zohlaziyo lokwenyani, ezona mpazamo zicacileyo kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ezicekisekayo.

GSAM 366.1“3. Akukho ndawo nasiphi na kwaye akukho mntu wayekhe wanikezela ngengqokelela ecwangcisiweyo nevumelanayo yeenyaniso zococeko, ekhululekileyo kwiimpazamo ezibonakalayo kwaye ehambelana neBhayibhile nemigaqo yonqulo lobuKristu.

GSAM 366.2“Phantsi kwezi meko, kwavela ezi mbhalo kukhankanyiweyo. Iimfundiso ezazifundiswa azizange zinyanzeliswe ngogunyaziso lwezenzululwazi, kodwa zazibekwa ngendlela elula, ethe ngqo ngumntu ongazenzisiyo ngokuba nolwazi lwezenzululwazi, kodwa othi ubhala ngoncedo nangogunyaziso lokukhanyiselwa okuyingcwele.

GSAM 366Imigaqo Iyamile Kuvavanyo

GSAM 366.3“Ingaba la migaqo, anikezelwe phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga kangaka kunye nezimangalo ezibalaseleyo kangaka, ayimelene njani novavanyo lwexesha namava? ngumbuzo onokubuzwa ngokufanelekileyo. Impendulo yawo ifumaneka kwiinyaniso ezinokungqinwa ngokupheleleyo.... Imigaqo eyayingahoywa ngokupheleleyo okanye yagculelwa kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu eyadlulayo, ngokuzolileyo ziye zafumana indlela yokwamkelwa eluntwini, de ihlabathi lalibale ngokupheleleyo ukuba yayingasoloko yamkelwa. Izinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo kwisayensi kunye neentsingiselo ezintsha zezinto ezindala ziye zongeza ubungqina obuqinisekisayo ngokuqhubekayo, kangangokuba ngoku wonke umgaqo owawuxhaswa kwiminyaka engaphezulu kwengamashumi amabini anesihlanu eyadlulayo uqiniswe ngendlela eyomeleleyo ngokwenzululwazi.

GSAM 366Ubungqina beMvelaphi yoButhixo yeeMibono

GSAM 366.4“Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka kujongwe njengento emangalisayo, nebonisa ubungqina obungathandabuzekiyo bengqiqo nolwalathiso oluvela kuThixo, ukuba phakathi kweemfundiso ezididayo nezingqubanayo, ezibanga ukuba zinegunya lenzululwazi kunye namava, kodwa ezigwenxisiwe ziingcinga ezigqithisileyo nezingenamandla okulungisa ngenxa yokuxutywa okukhulu kweempazamo,—kufuneka kuvunywe ukuba yinto engaqhelekanga, ukuba umntu ongazibangeli kulwazi lwenzululwazi okanye ukufundiseka akwazi ukuququzelela, ukusuka kwinkqubo edidayo nephazamisekileyo yezimvo ezixubeneyo nezinephutha-ezinamabala ezivela kubabhali nabacingi abambalwa kwimiba yezempilo, umqulu wemigaqo yococeko-mpilo ehambelana ngokugqibeleleyo, engaguquguqukiyo, neyinyani kangangokuba iingxoxo, uphando, izinto ezifunyenweyo, kunye namava eminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu akaphelelanga ekubuyiseleni umva nomnye umgaqo, kodwa zisebenze kuphela ekumiselweni kwemfundiso ezifundiswayo.” Idethi, “eBattle Creek, Mich., 1890.”

GSAM 367Indawo Yezempilo Iyandisiwe

GSAM 367.1Phantsi kolawulo lukaGqr. J. H. Kellogg, owaba ngugqirha oyintloko kwesi ziko ngo-1876, kwafunyaniswa ukuba imfuno yonyango yayinkulu kangangokuba kwintwasahlobo ka-1877 kwanyanzeleka ukuba kwenziwe indawo engakumbi. Ngo-1876 igama lesi ziko latshintshwa ukusuka kwiZiko loHlaziyo lweMpilo laya kwiZiko lezeMpilo lezoNyango noTyando, kwaye ngo-1878 kwakhiwa isakhiwo esitsha esiphambili.

GSAM 367.2Le sakhiwo yayinobukhulu obuyi-136 x 46 leenyawo, sinemigangatho emine ngaphezulu kwegumbi elingaphantsi. Yayifudunyezwa yonke ngumphunga, kwaye ikhanyiswa ngegesi. Kungekudala emva kokuvulwa kwayo, yayiphantse yazala zizigulana neendwendwe.

GSAM 367.3Kude kube ngelo xesha, oko kwakuxelwe kwangaphambili ngo-1866 ngobungqina bukaNksk. White ngale ndawo kwakuzalisekisiwe ngokumangalisayo. Inani elikhulu labantu lalisele lamkele ukukhanya kweyinyani yangoku, ababeqale ukutsalelwa ingqalelo kula bantu ngokufika kwabo kule ndawo beze kukhangela impilo.

GSAM 367Indawo Yokuphumla Yezempilo Yasemaphandleni

GSAM 367.4Kwi-Signs of the Times, umhla wama-22 kuNovemba 1877, U-M. G. Kellogg, M.D., umntakwabo ngomzali omnye ka-J. H. Kellogg, wabhengeza ukuba ufumene umhlaba kwicala leNtaba iHowell, iimayile ezimbini enesiqingatha kumntla-mpuma weSt. Helena, kwiNqila yaseNapa, eCal., kwaye wayezakudala isakhiwo esiza kubizwa ngokuba yi-“Indawo Yokuphumla Yezempilo Yasemaphandleni,” esikufuphi neCrystal Springs. Ebusika buka-1877-78 kwakhiwa isakhiwo, saza savulwa ukuze kunyangelwe izigulana ekuqaleni konyaka ka-1878. Le ndawo yokuphumla yezempilo, njengeziko elingumzali wayo, iZiko lezeMpilo laseBattle Creek, ayikhulanga ngobukhulu kuphela, kodwa ikwayibe yindawo apho abantu abaninzi kakhulu baziswe kulwazi nokwamkela umyalezo.

GSAM 368I-Pacific Health Journal

GSAM 368.1Ihlobo lowama-1885 lalixesha elinempumelelo enkulu kwiphulo lomyalezo wesithunywa sesithathu. Ngomhla wokuqala kuMeyi, iNdawo Yokuphumla Yezempilo Yasemaphandleni eSt. Helena yabekwa phantsi kolawulo lwezonyango logqirha ofunde ngokusemthethweni. Kwinyanga kaJuni kwaqalwa ukupapashwa kwePacific Health Journal and Temperance Advocate, imagazini enamaphepha angama-24, kanye rhoqo kwiinyanga ezimbini phantsi kolawulo lokuhlela lukaMfundisi uJ. H. Waggoner. Ngale misebenzi, iziko lezempilo lafumanisa ubomi obutsha, elathi, endaweni yokulahlekelwa, njengakwiminyaka edlulileyo, laqala ukubonisa, unyaka nonyaka, inzuzo ephakathi kwe-$2,000 ne-$4,000 ngonyaka, de kwangunyaka owavalwa ngo-Epreli, 1891, labonisa inzuzo engaphezulu kwe-$12,000.

GSAM 368.2Kwindibano ye-Rural Health Retreat Association, eSt. Helena, ngo-1887, kwenziwa le ngxelo ilandelayo malunga nemali yeli ziko: Ngomhla woku-1 kuMeyi, 1885, ixabiso lilonke leli ziko lalingama-$5,322.76 kuphela, okanye lincinci nge-$2,547.24 kuno-stock wonke owawukhutshiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngaloo mhla. Ngamanye amazwi, umbutho wawusetyenzisile yonke ingeniso yawo kunye ne-$2,547.24 yomthombo-mali wawo. Nge-1 ka-Epreli, 1887, ixabiso lombutho ngaphezulu kwawo onke amatyala awo lalinge-$21,372.64, okanye inzuzo kwiinyanga ezingamashumi amabini anesithathu ye-$16,049.88. Kwesi sibalo, kwakuthathwe isabelo esixabisa i-$5,280, kwaye kwenziwe iminikelo kwiziko elixabisa i-$2,497.60; ngoko ke kwimisebenzi yeliziko kwaba nenzuzo ehlanzekileyo ye-$8,272.28. Malunga nexesha eli, iPacific Health Journal yakhutshwa njengephetshana lenyanga elinamaphepha angama-32, inekhava, kwaye yafunyaniswa isebenza ngakumbi ekukhuthazeni iimfuno nemigaqo yeli ziko.

GSAM 369Umsebenzi Wenceba

GSAM 369.1Kwi-Medical Missionary, kaJanuwari, 1891, ethetha ngeZiko lezeMpilo laseBattle Creek, uGqr. J. H. Kellogg wathi:—

GSAM 369.2“Unyango lwesisa olunikezelweyo kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu lo mbutho ukusukela wasekwayo lufikelela kwinani elingaphezulu kakhulu kwe-$100,000, ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunemali-nkunzi eyatyalwa ekuqaleni.

GSAM 369.3“Ukongeza kumsebenzi wesisa ekubhekiselwe kuwo, eli ziko lithumele abahlohli, abongikazi, abahlohli kwizikolo zokupheka, kunye nabanye abantu abaqeqeshelwe iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wobuthunywa.”

GSAM 369Isibongozo Seenkedama

GSAM 369.4KwiNkomfa Jikelele, ngomhla we-8 kuMatshi 1891, uGqr. Kellogg wenza isibongozo esinamandla egameni leenkedama. Wathi: “Ndizifumana ndonyulwe ‘njengommeli ojikeleleyo,’ kwaye ndiza kumela abangenameli—iinkedama, ezingenamntu wokuzikhathalela.”

GSAM 369Isipho sikaNksk. Haskell se-$30,000

GSAM 369.5Kwi-Home Missionary, ngoJanyuwari, 1892, kwenziwa isibongozo esinamandla semali yokwakha ikhaya labantwana abaziinkedama. Kweso sishicilelo kwakukho amagama abo abantu izibophelelo zabo zekhaya zazifikelela kwi-$17,716—isixa esincinci kakhulu, njengoko abaxhasi beli phulo babecinga, kwisigigaba esikhulu kangaka, ngoko ke kwakoyikwa ukulibaziseka ekwenzeni lo msebenzi. Kodwa Lowo ubona isiphelo kwasekuqaleni, nowanikazi “weenkomo ezintabeni eziliwaka,” wacwangcisa iziganeko ngendlela yokuba inkosikazi etyebileyo engengowakukholo lwethu, uNksk. Caroline E. Haskell, waseChicago, umhlolokazi kaMnu. Frederick Haskell, akuba eve ngalo msebenzi wesisa ocetywayo, wakhawuleza wanikezela kwikomiti yokwakha isixa se-$30,000, ngomqathango olula wokuba isetyenziswe yonke ekwakheni ikhaya leenkedama ngokwezicwangciso ebezicacisiwe ngaphambili, ukuba iqhutywe ngomoya ovulekileyo nowesisa, nokuba eli ziko libizwe ngokuba liKhaya Lesikhumbuzo sikaHaskell ukukhumbula umyeni wakhe ongasekhoyo.

GSAM 370.1Ngezi mali zazinikezelweyo, i-Medical Missionary and Benevolent Association yakwazi, ngaloo nyaka, ukwakha nokuvula esi sakhiwo njengekhaya leenkedama. Esi sakhiwo sazinikiselwa nge-25 kaJanuwari, 1894. Kwisithuba esininzi sexesha ukusukela ngaloo mhla, eli qela, elineenkedama, abancedisi, nootitshala, belisoloko lilinganisa ikhulu elinye.

GSAM 370Ikhaya Lesikhumbuzo sikaJames White

GSAM 370.2Ngaphandle kokunyamekela nokuxhasa ezi nkedama, lo mbutho ukwalawula elinye iziko lesisa, elibizwa ngokuba liKhaya Lesikhumbuzo sikaJames White, apho abantu abadala abangenamakhaya abangaphezu kwamashumi amabini banyanyekelwa kwaye benziwa bakhululeke.

GSAM 370Abavangeli Bezonyango

GSAM 370.3Kolu hlobo lomsebenzi, kwathathwa elinye inyathelo elinamandla xa kwaqalwa uqeqesho lwabavangeli bezonyango. Ukuqatshelwa kwale mizamo yokuphakamisa uluntu, uNksk. White, xa wayebhala esePreston, e-Australia, nge-16 kaSeptemba 1892, wathi:—

GSAM 370.4“Ndinqwenela ukuba bekukho abalikhulu abaqeqeshwayo endaweni yomnye okhoyo ngoku. Kufanele kube njalo. Amadoda nabafazi bangaba luncedo ngakumbi njengabavangeli bezonyango kunokuba bangabavangeli abangenamfundo yezonyango.”

GSAM 370.5Inani labantu abathatha izifundo ezilungiselela ukungena kwinkonzo yobomi obunje lonyuke kakhulu ukusukela oko kwabhalwa la mazwi angentla.

GSAM 370Ukukhula Komsebenzi Wezempilo

GSAM 370.6Kwi-Medical Missionary, kaJanuwari, 1894, kukho ingxelo emfutshane echaza iinyaniso ezinomdla malunga nokukhula komsebenzi wezempilo. Ifundeka ngolu hlobo:

GSAM 371.1“IZiko loHlaziyo lweMpilo lasekwa ngo-1866.... Kwathengwa indlu yomthi encinci, ikhaya labucala kwindawo entle nenempilo kumhlaba ophakamileyo waseBattle Creek, enye yeedolophu ezikhulayo zaseMichigan. Oogqirha ababini, abasebenzi ababini basebhafu, umongi omnye (ongaqeqeshiwanga), abancedisi abathathu okanye abane, isigulana esinye, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zokungakhululeki, kunye nokholo olukhulu kwikamva leli ziko nakwimigaqo eyalisekayo—la yayingumqalo walo msebenzi ukhoyo ngoku. Yayaziwa njengeZiko loHlaziyo lweMpilo.

GSAM 371.2“Kwindawo ekwakukho ikhaya elincinci lokuqala ngoku kukho isakhiwo esiziinyawo eziyi-312 ubude neziyi-100 ubunzulu, esinemigangatho emithandathu, esinokwamkela iindwendwe ezingamakhulu amathathu, esixhotyiswe ngazo zonke izixhobo ezinokucetyiswa yinzululwazi yale mihla malunga nonyango nokubuyiselwa kwempilo yabagulayo. Oogqirha abalishumi, uninzi lwabo ingoongcaphephe kwiinkalo zabo, benza iqela labagqirha. Abongikazi nabanye abancedisi benza usapho olungaphezulu kwamakhulu amathathu, kwaye abaxhasi beli ziko bamele onke amaphondo eManyano, kunye neendwendwe ezininzi ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Iingcango zalo zisoloko zivuliwe kumvangeli, nokuba wasekhaya okanye wasemzini, nokuba ngowaliphi na ihlelo, kwaye olu sapho alufane lube lungenandwendwe enye okanye ngaphezulu.

GSAM 371Isibhedlele seZiko lezeMpilo

GSAM 371.3“Isibhedlele sakhiwa ngo-1888, sisakhiwo esiziinyawo ezili-100 x 60, esinemigangatho emihlanu. Imigangatho emithathu ephezulu yesakhiwo isetyenziselwa isebe lotyando leZiko lezeMpilo, amagumbi ezigulana, kunye neewadi. Kule ndawo kukwakho neeofisi zomsebenzi wesisa weli ziko. Izindlwana ezingamashumi amabini, ezininzi kuzo zifudunyezwa ngumphunga, kwaye zikhanyiswa ngombane, njengesisakhiwo esikhulu, zikhungekileyo kuyo, kwaye zizele ngabaguli okanye ngabafundi. Isikolo soqeqesho lwabongikazi bemishini yezonyango sasekwa ngomhla woku-1 kuJulayi 1884. Kwiinyanga zokuqala ezintandathu, kwabhaliswa abafundi abangamashumi amathathu anesihlanu.”

GSAM 372Uqikelelo Lwabasebenzi Abaya Phambili

GSAM 372.1Xa ethetha ngeziko lezempilo eliseSt. Helena, Cal., uNksk. White, kwingxelo ebhalwe evela eTramelan, eSwitzerland, ngomhla we-6 kuFebruwari 1887, uthi:—

GSAM 372.2“UThixo uthe ukuba amadoda anxulumene neli ziko angahamba ngokuthobeka nangokuthobela, esenza ukuthanda kukaThixo, liya kuphila lize liphumelele; kwaye kulilo kuza kuthunyelwa abavangeli ukuze basikelele abanye ngokukhanya uThixo ababanike kona. Aba baya kutshabalalisa izithixo ezikwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngomoya kaYesu; baya kutyhila iinkolelo-ze, baze batyale inyaniso, ubuhlanzeko, nobungcwele apho ngoku kukhuliswa kuphela impazamo, ukuzithanda, ukungazithibi, nobubi.”

GSAM 372.3Sicaphula la mazwi, njengoko esebenza ngokulinganayo nakwezinye iintlangano ezifanayo.

GSAM 372Impumelelo Kumsebenzi Wezempilo Ithenjisiwe

GSAM 372.4Kubungqina obukhethekileyo obwanikwa ibandla ngo-1891, sifunda: “Intsikelelo kaThixo iza kuba phezu kwawo wonke umzamo owenziwayo wokuvusa umdla kulungiso lwempilo; kuba luyafuneka kuyo yonke indawo. Kufuneka kubekho ukuvuselelwa ngokuphathelele kulo mbandela; kuba uThixo ujonge ukwenza lukhulu ngesi sixhobo.”

GSAM 372IKholeji yamaMishonari ezoNyango yaseMelika

GSAM 372.5Inyathelo nenyathelo ukukhanya kwanyuka kwindlela enengqiqo yokunyanga izifo de ngoJuni, 1895, kwavela imfuno yokusekwa kweziko lemfundo yezonyango. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nale mfuno, iKholeji yamaMishonari ezoNyango yaseMelika yasekwa ngenjongo ekhethekileyo yokuqeqesha oogqirha ukuba basebenze phantsi kwe-Seventh-day Adventist Medical Missionary and Benevolent Association, kumaphulo asekhaya nawaphesheya. Umthendeleko wokuvula wabanjwa eBattle Creek, nge-30 kaSeptemba 1895, kwaye ikholeji yavulwa ngosuku olulandelayo, nge-1 ka-Okthobha, ineklasi yabafundi abangamashumi amane.

GSAM 372.6Kwisaziso sekholeji sifunda:

GSAM 372.6“Ikholeji idityaniswe ngokusemthethweni eChicago, phantsi kwemithetho yePhondo lase-Illinois. Inkqubo yokufunda iya kuba nzulu njengaleyo yezona zikolo zonyango zibalaseleyo eUnited States. Imfundiso iya kunikwa inxalenye yayo eChicago, nenxalenye yayo eBattle Creek, eMich.”

GSAM 373.1Malunga nabo balungiselela umsebenzi wobuthunywa bezonyango sifunda oku kulandelayo kwi-Medical Missionary, ngo-Agasti, 1895:

GSAM 373.1“Iklasi yabongikazi abaqeqeshwayo ngoku kwiSikolo soQeqesho lwaBongikazi seZiko lezeMpilo laseBattle Creek inabantu abangaphezu kwama-250; wonke umntu kubo okwaziyo ukwenza umsebenzi wobuthunywa bezonyango unikwe isikhundla. Kufuneka abongikazi kwiiZiqithi zaseSouth Sea, eIndiya, kwiiWest Indies, eMzantsi Melika, abangamashumi amabini anesihlanu okanye amashumi amathathu kwiiSouthern States zaseUnited States, nakwizixeko zethu ezikhulu.”

GSAM 373Ukukhula Komsebenzi Wobuthunywa Bezonyango

GSAM 373.2Kumsitho wokuthweswa kweziqu weklasi yabongikazi bobuthunywa beZiko lezeMpilo, obubanjelwe eTabernacle, ngoNovemba 5, 1895, uGqr. Kellogg wathi:—

GSAM 373.3“Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini eyadlulayo, kumsitho onje ngale, kwaphumelela abongikazi ababini. Okwangoku kukho iqela labongikazi abaphakathi kwamakhulu amathathu namane. Kukho oogqirha abalishumi elinesithoba kwiziko lezempilo, nabangamashumi amabini anesibini kumaziko afanayo, anxulumene ngandlel' ithile neziko lezempilo, kwaye aphantsi kolawulo lwe-Medical Missionary and Benevolent Association. Abongikazi bethu abangamashumi amahlanu anantathu bakwamazwe ahlukeneyo angaphandle,—eSweden, eOld Mexico, eGold Coast yase-Afrika, e-Australia, eMzantsi Afrika, eDenmark, e-Indiya, eNew Zealand, eSamoa, naseBritish Guiana. Kukho abafundi bezonyango abangamashumi amathandathu anantathu abaqeqeshwayo ngoku. Abangamashumi amane ananye kubo balapha, abangamashumi amabini anesibini baseYunivesithi yaseMichigan nakwezinye izikolo. Abongikazi abangamashumi amabini anesibini baphumelela apha ngokuhlwanje, belungele ngokupheleleyo ukuya phambili njengabongikazi abavunyiweyo.”

GSAM 373.4Xa silandelela ukukhula kwamaziko ethu ezempilo ukuya kuthi ga ngo-1902, sifumanisa ukuba iZiko lezeMpilo laseBattle Creek, elinekholeji yalo yezonyango nesikolo soqeqesho lwabongikazi, lelona ziko likhulu kolu hlobo ehlabathini eliphethwe ngamaSeventh-day Adventists.

GSAM 374Izindlu Eziphambili Zatsha

GSAM 374.1Ngobusuku bangoFebruwari 18, 1902, isakhiwo esikhulu esiphambili, sinazo izixhobo zaso ezisemgangathweni, kunye nesibhedlele esikhulu, zatshiswa yimlilo. Kwakukho izigulana neendwendwe ezingamakhulu amane zizonke kwezi zakhiwo ngelo xesha, kodwa ngenxa yemigudu yobugorha yoogqirha, abongikazi, kunye nabancedisi, kunye nokhuseleko olukhethekileyo lweNkosi, bonke bakhutshwa kwezi zakhiwo bengenzakalanga kakhulu.

GSAM 374IZiko lezeMpilo Elitsha

GSAM 374.2Esinye isakhiwo, esikhulu nesomeleleyo kunesangaphambili, sakhiwe kwindawo yezakhiwo ezindala. Ilitye lembombo lesakhiwo sangoku labekwa ngoMeyi 12, 1902, kwaye isakhiwo sanikezelwa ngoMeyi 31, 1903. Abaphathi balo mbutho bathi ngesi sakhiwo sitsha “somelele kwaye sihlala ixesha elide kangangoko isakhiwo sinokwenziwa ngentsimbi, ilitye, isitena, nesamente.

GSAM 374.3“Izixhobo zeli ziko kuzo zonke iinkalo zezona zale mihla, zigqibeleleyo, zicocekileyo, ziluncedo, kwaye zomeleleyo zinokufumaneka; kwaye kukholelwa ukuba, njengoko injalo ngoku igqityiwe, iZiko lezeMpilo laseBattle Creek linika izinto eziluncedo nobulula kwizigulana ezingagqithwa ngokuqinisekileyo.

GSAM 374.4“Injongo yabaphathi baleli ziko ibikukuhlanganisa ndawonye kwindawo enye, phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, zonke iindlela ezintsha nezixhobo zonyango lwabagulayo ezamkelweyo kumayeza asengqiqweni, kwaye kusetyenziswe ezo ndlela ngokunyaniseka nangobulumko.”

GSAM 374Kuza Kumiselwa aMaziko ezeMpilo Amaninzi

GSAM 374.5Ukukhanya okunikezelwe kwaba bantu kukuba iNkosi ingathanda ukuba kubekho amaziko ezempilo amaninzi, alingeneyo ngobukhulu, asasazwe kwihlabathi jikelele, kunokuba kubekho amaziko ambalwa amakhulu kakhulu. Siyavuya ukuqaphela ukuba kuqalwe ukuvulwa kwamaziko ezempilo amancinci kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, ingakumbi kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Kwi-Year Book yeNkomfa Jikelele ka-1904 kukho uluhlu lwamaziko angaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu ala mancinci.

GSAM 375Uluhlu lwaMaziko ezeMpilo

GSAM 375.1Nangona kungaba yinto enomdla ukubalisa iimeko ezikhokelele ekusekweni kwazo, kufuneka, kwindawo yethu encinci, saneliseke luluhlu lwezizwe apho zifumaneka khona, kunye nenani elikuzo kwilizwe ngalinye. Sifumana e-United States, 35; eGreat Britain, 3; eJamani, 1; eSwitzerland, 1; eDenmark, 1; eNorway, 1; eSweden, 1; eMzantsi Afrika, 1; e-Australia, 2; eNew Zealand, 1; kwiSiqithi saseSamoa, 1; eOld Mexico, 1; eIndiya, 1; eJapan, 1.

GSAM 375Uluhlu lwamaGumbi oNyango

GSAM 375.2Ngaphandle kwale ziko zonyango, kukho amagumbi onyango angamashumi amabini anesibini, alishumi elinesixhenxe awo akwi-United States; elinye liseJaffa, elinye liseJerusalem, ePalestine; elinye liseGuadalajara, eOld Mexico; elinye liseKimberley, eMzantsi Afrika; nelinye liseRockhampton, e-Australia. Ukongeza kwezi kukho iivenkile zokutyela ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu zokutya imifuno apho abantu banokufumana ukutya okucocekileyo nokunempilo, kwaye bafumane nemfundiso ethile malunga nendlela efanelekileyo yokuphila.

GSAM 375.3La manani malunga nenkqubela yemigaqo yohlaziyo lwempilo abonisa indlela iNkosi enokuthi “yenze umsebenzi omkhulu ngale arhente,” njengoko kwaxelwe kwangaphambili nguThixo ngo-1866; kwaye abonisa kwakhona, njengoko kwaxelwa kwangaphambili ngo-1863, indlela “imigaqo yohlaziyo lwempilo” enokuba negalelo “ekulungiseleleni abantu ukuguqulwa ekufikeni kweNkosi.” Ngoko ke, makande la maziko ezempilo kangange-khulu, kwaye kungekudala azifezekise oko ayemiselwe kona.