Isahluko 26 — ImiSebenzi yethu yobuThunywa phesheya

GSAM 403.1“Kubhaliwe, Abo bekungathethwanga kubo ngaye, baya kubona: nabangevanga baya kuqonda.”¹

GSAM 403.2Inkonzo yethu yokuqala kwindawo engaphandle kwe-United States yavulwa ngo-1874, xa uMfundisi uJ. N. Andrews wathunyelwa eSwitzerland, waza waqala umsebenzi apho.

GSAM 403INDAWO YASEYUROPHU ESEMBINDINI

GSAM 403.3Ngelo xesha kwakukho izizwe ezisibhozo ezazibandakanyiwe kulo msebenzi wokushumayela; ezizezi, iSwitzerland, iFransi, i-Itali, iTurkey, iBelgium, iSpain, iPortugal, kunye neGreece, ummandla owawunabantu abazizigidi ezili-140.

GSAM 403.4Kungaba nomdla ukukhankanya, ngalo mzuzu, iimeko ezakhokelela abantu bethu ekungeneni kwiphulo elibanzi kangaka ngokwemida, ngexesha apho ibandla lalinganabantu baninzi.

GSAM 403UMfundisi Czechowski

GSAM 403.5Kunyaka ka-1865, uMfundisi uM. B. Czechowski, umbingeleli ongumKatolika wasePoland owaguqukayo, owamkela inyaniso yangoku, wathanda ukuba abantu bethu bamthumele njengomvangeli eYurophu ePhakathi. Njengoko oku kwakungenakwenzeka ngelo xesha, wazisa imeko yakhe kuma-Adventist osuku lokuQala aseBoston, eMass., abathi, mhlawumbi, bamthatha njengomntu ongenanto yakwenza nabantu bethu. Nokuba kwakunjalo, bafumana imali efunekayo, bamthumela kumsebenzi wakhe awayewunqwenela.

GSAM 404Abagcini beSabatha eSwitzerland

GSAM 404.1Ngo-1866, wafundisa inyaniso yeSabatha kunye nomyalezo wesithunywa sesithathu eTramelan, eSwitzerland, umzamo lowo owakhokelela ekubeni kubekho iqela labagcini beSabatha. Kungekudala emva koko, wabashiya ukuze ayokufundisa umyalezo eHungary. Akazange athethe nto neqela laseTramelan ngomsebenzi wethu waseMelika, kodwa uAlbert Vuilleumier, omnye wabo, wayekwazi ukufunda isiNgesi. Yena, ngamabona-ndenzile, wabona ikopi ye-Advent Review. Ngale ndlela kwaqalwa unxibelelwano ngokubhalelana phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.

GSAM 404UMfundisi Erzenberger Uthunyelwe eMelika

GSAM 404.2Ngo-1869 uJames Erzenberger, waseTramelan, wathunyelwa eMelika ngenjongo yokufunda ulwimi lwesiNgesi nokwazi ngakumbi ngeemfundiso nezenzo zamaSeventh-day Adventist. Wafika eBattle Creek nge-18 kaJuni, waza wahlala eMelika unyaka enesiqingatha. Wemka eNew York, kuhambo lwakhe lokubuya, nge-9 kaSeptemba, 1870. NgoJuni wonyaka ofanayo, uAdemar Vuilleumier watyelela eli lizwe, apho wahlala khona iminyaka emalunga nemine. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe ekhaya, wayekhatshwa nguMfundisi Andrews. Bafika eNeuchatel nge-16 ka-Okthobha, 1874.

GSAM 404.3Ngo-1875, uMfundisi uD. T. Bourdeau nosapho lwakhe bamka eMelika besiya eFransi, apho bamiselwa khona yikomiti ukuba basebenze.

GSAM 404Kuqaliswe Iphephandaba LesiFrentshi

GSAM 404.4Kunyaka olandelayo, ngoJulayi, 1876, kwaqalwa eBasel, eSwitzerland, ukupapashwa kwephephancwadi ngolwimi lwesiFrentshi, elinesihloko esithi Les Signes des Temps (The Signs of the Times). Ngomhla we-13 kuMeyi, 1882, kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, uMfundisi uHaskell wathabatha inqanawa esuka eNew York City esiya eYurophu. Ngethuba elikule ndwendwelo yobuthunywa, wachitha ixesha elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi eSwitzerland.

GSAM 405UMfundisi uWhitney Uya eBasel—Ukufa koMfundisi uAndrews

GSAM 405.1NgoJulayi 26, 1883, uMfundisi uB. L. Whitney nosapho lwakhe bafika eBasel, wathi wonyulwa yiKomiti yeNkomfa Jikelele ukuba alawule elo candelo lovangelo, ukuthatha umthwalo kuMfundisi u-Andrews, owayesiya ehla ngokukhawuleza empilweni. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, ngo-Oktobha waloo nyaka, wasweleka.

GSAM 405.2UMfundisi u-Andrews akazange afumane ithuba lokufunda kwizikolo eziphakamileyo neekholeji ebutsheni bakhe, kodwa wayefundile kakuhle, engumntu umhlaba amthiya ngokuba uzifundisile okanye uzidalile. Ngokuzimisela kwakhe ekufundeni, wayifunda kakuhle iLatin, iGrike, neHebhere, kwaye kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela wafunda nolwimi lwesiFrentshi. Ulwimi lwesiFrentshi walufunda ukuze lumncedise ekuvuleni nasekuqhubeni umsebenzi kwiMishini yaseMbindi Yurophu, apho wasebenza khona kwiminyaka emithandathu yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, ebhala kwaye epapasha i-French Signs of the Times, kwakunye nokushumayela ngolo lwimi. Kwakungexesha esesemsebenzini enjalo xa wafikelwa kukufa.

GSAM 405UGqr. Kellogg eYurophu

GSAM 405.3Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1883, uGqr. J. H. Kellogg watyelela iYurophu ngenjongo yophando lwezonyango. Wachitha iintsuku ezimbalwa kwimishini yethu nganye, kwaye utyelelo lwakhe lwaluyinkxaso enkulu kubasebenzi, ingakumbi iingcebiso zakhe malunga nomsebenzi waseBasel zaxatyiswa kakhulu nguMfundisi u-Andrews.

GSAM 405UMfundisi uButler Utyelela IYurophu

GSAM 405.4KwiNkomfa Jikelele eyayibanjwe ngo-Okthobha, 1883, kwacetyiswa ukuba kuqalwe, ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, ukupapashwa kwephephancwadi eNgilani. Ngenxa yenye ivoti eyapasiswa kule nkomfa, ooMfundisi uGeo. I. Butler, uM. C. Wilcox, no-A. C. Bourdeau baya phaya ukuya kuncedisa emsebenzini waseYurophu naseNgilani. UMfundisi uButler wafika eGlasgow, eSkotilani, ngomhla wama-27 kuFebruwari, 1884. Enye injongo yotyelelo lukaMfundisi uButler kwimishini yangaphandle yayikukufunda ngokuzibonela ngobunzima bokuqhuba umsebenzi kumazwe angaphandle, kunye nendlela yokuboyisa. Naye wachitha ixesha elithile eBasel, nakummandla waseMbindi Yurophu. U-A. C. Bourdeau wasebenzela abantu baseFrentshi kwiintlambo zeAlps, phakathi kwamaWaldense; ngelixa u-M. C. Wilcox wayehlanganyela kumsebenzi wokushicilela nowokuhlela eNgilani, wahlala de kwaphela unyaka ka-1886.

GSAM 406Indlu Yokupapasha Yasekwa eBasel

GSAM 406.1Ngo-1884, indlu yokupapasha, i-Imprimerie Polyglotte (igama elithetha, ukushicilela ngeelwimi ezininzi), yasekwa eBasel. NgoMatshi, 1885, uH. W. Kellogg wavunyelwa yiKomiti yeNkomfa Jikelele ukuba atyelele eBasel, aze athenge oomatshini abayimfuneko beshicilelo. Wenza oko, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwasekwa iziko loshicilelo elixhotyiswe kakuhle, elingelamaSeventh-day Adventists, kwisixeko esidala saseBasel.

GSAM 406.2Ngethuba lotyelelo lukaMfundisi uButler eYurophu, kwaphrintwa iphephandaba lesiJamani elibizwa ngokuba yi-Herold der Wahrheit kwi-ofisi yaseBasel. Kwangonyaka ofanayo kwapapashwa nephephancwadi lesiRoumanian, i-Adevărulu Prezentu (Present Truth), nakwale ofisi. Kwaye enye kwakhona ngesi-Italian, ebizwa ngokuba yi-L'Ultimo Messagio (The Last Messages). Zombini ezi jenali zokugqibela zaziyiphepha-ncwadi ezinamaphepha alishumi elinesithandathu ezipapashwa kanye kwikota yonyaka. KwiNkomfa yaseSwitzerland, ngo-Okthobha, 1884, kwachazwa ukuba ngexesha lonyaka kwakuphume kwaza kwasasazwa iikopi eziyi-146,000 zezi jenali zine. Kude kube ngunyaka ka-1895, ngexesha apho i-ofisi yokushicilela (ngenxa yoku-xhatshazwa eBasel) yasuswa kuloo dolophu yasiwa eHamburg, eJamani, kwakupapashwa iincwadi neencwadana ngeelwimi ezilishumi elinanye ezahlukeneyo; oko kukuthi, isiFrentshi, isiJamani, isiTaliyane, isiRoumanian, isiSpanish, isiBohemian, isiRashiya, isiDatshi, isiHungarian, isiArmenian, isiTurkish, kunye nesiTurkish-siGrike. Ngoko ke, njengoko igama layo lalibonisa, yayiliqumrhu “elishicilela ngeelwimi ezininzi.”

GSAM 407UNksk. White Utyelela iYurophu

GSAM 407.1NgoSeptemba 3, 1885, uNksk. White, unyana wakhe, uW. C. White, kunye nosapho lwakhe bafika eBasel. Bachitha unyaka enesiqingatha kumazwe amadala, betyelela iimishini ezazikwiphondo laseMbindi Yurophu, apho kwenziwa inkonzo exabiseke kakhulu kwiimishini ezahlukeneyo.

GSAM 407INkomfa yaseSwitzerland yaqulunqwa

GSAM 407.2NgoSeptemba 10, 1885, kwamiselwa iNkomfa yaseSwitzerland. Kwingxelo eyayinikwe ngelo xesha kwathiwa le nkomfa yayinomfundisi omnye omiselweyo, abaneelayisensi abasixhenxe, amabandla alishumi, kunye namalungu angama-224. Aba bahlawule isishumi sonyaka ophelileyo esingange-$1,645.11. Ngaphandle koku, kwenziwe iminikelo yomsebenzi engange-$2,041.22.

GSAM 407UMfundisi Waggoner eYurophu

GSAM 407.3UNksk. White, kunye no-W. C. White nosapho lwakhe, babuyela eMelika ngo-1887. Kwangalo nyaka uMfundisi u-J. H. Waggoner wamenywa ukuba azimanye neNkonzo yaseMbindi Yurophu. Wachitha iminyaka engaphezulu kwemibini kulo mmandla, enze ikhaya lakhe, ngelo xesha, eBasel. Kwakukule dolophu apho wasweleka khona, ngomhla wama-20 kuTshazimpuzi, 1889, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili.

GSAM 407.4Impilo kaMfundisi uWhitney eyayisiya isiba mandundu, nokusweleka kwakhe okulandelayo (ngo-Epreli 9, 1889), kwaba sesinye isibetho esibuhlungu kule mishini.

GSAM 407UMfundisi uRobinson eYurophu

GSAM 407.5UMfundisi uD. A. Robinson, owayesebenza eNgilani, wakhethwa njengomlandeli kaMfundisi Whitney. Wasebenza ngenkuthalo kwesi sithili iminyaka emalunga nesithandathu, xa, ngesimemo seNkomfa Jikelele, wemka waya eIndiya ngonyaka ka-1895. Ukuhamba kwakhe kwenza kwanyanzeleka ukuba kumiselwe omnye umphathi.

GSAM 408UMfundisi Holser uMphathi weNdawo

GSAM 408.1UMfundisi u-H. P. Holser yena owakhethwayo kwesi sikhundla, yaye ukongeza kwesi sikhundla wakhethwa njengomphathi weNkonzo yonke yaseMbindi Yurophu. Apha wasebenza ngokungadinwayo nangempumelelo de kwangowe-1901, xa naye kwanyanzeleka ukuba anikezele kwintshabalaliso yesifo. Wasweleka eCanyon City, eColorado, ngomhla we-11 kuSeptemba 1901.

GSAM 408.2Ngaphandle kwezi meko zinzima, umsebenzi wovangelo wakhula waza waphumelela, njengoko kubonakaliswe yingxelo eyayenziwe kwiNkomfa Jikelele ngo-1895, ethi iNkomfa yaseMbindi Yurophu yayiquka amabandla alishumi elinesithoba anamalungu angama-484, ahlawule isishumi ngonyaka owawungaphambili isixa esiyi-$4,378.18. Ngaloo mhla, babenabafundisi abane abamiselweyo kunye nabaneelayisensi abahlanu.

GSAM 408IMISHINI YASEJAMANI-RASHIYA

GSAM 408.3Ngo-1870, uJ. H. Linderman, umfundisi webandla elikufuphi ne-Elberfeld, ePrussia, kunye namalungu alo angamashumi amane, baqala ukugcina iSabatha yomhla wesixhenxe emva kokufunda iBhayibhile, bengazi ngesinye iqela lamaKristu ehlabathini elaligcina loo mini njengeSabatha. Ulwazi ngeli qela lwafikiselwa kubantu bethu ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Umngqibi weza kwikhaya lobuthunywa eBasel ngeSabatha. Usapho lwalufunda isifundo sesikolo seSabatha iZibhalo zivuliwe phambi kwabo. Lo mbono wamchukumisa loo ndoda, waza wamenza wabuza imibuzo.

GSAM 408Iqela lase-Elberfeld

GSAM 408.4Akufumanisa ukuba babengengomaYuda, kodwa ngamaKristu, abagcina iSabatha yomhla wesixhenxe, wathetha ngeli qela lase-Elberfeld. UMfundisi Andrews wacinga ukuba bubulumko ukuphanda ngale ngxelo; ngoko ke, ekunye noMfundisi Erzenberger, waya ePrussia ekuqaleni konyaka ka-1875, apho bafumana khona elo qela njengoko yayichazwe. UMfundisi Erzenberger wahlala ixesha elithile esebenza kuloo ndawo yaseJamani, kwaye ngomhla we-8 kuJanuwari 1876, kwabatizwa abantu abasibhozo e-Elberfeld, ibe ngumbhaptizo wokuqala wamaSeventh-day Adventist eJamani.

GSAM 409.1Inyaniso yayisele ifumene indawo eRashiya kwaseku-1882, ngenxa yezinto zokufunda ezazithunyelwa ngabazalwana baseJamani abaseMelika kubahlobo babo kwiikoloni zamaJamani zaseRashiya.

GSAM 409UMfundisi uConradi eYurophu

GSAM 409.2Ngo-1885 uMfundisi uL. R. Conradi wemka eMelika waya kwintsimi yaseMbindi Yurophu, ukuya kusebenzela amaJamani. Ngomhla wama-28 kuJuni 1886, wemka eBasel waya eCrimea, eRashiya. Apha, ekunye noMfundisi uPerk, wahamba waya eBerdebulat, apho oodade ababini babhaptizwayo kwaza kwamiselwa ibandla elinamalungu alishumi elinesithoba, eli laba libandla lokuqala lamaSeventh-day Adventist eRashiya.

GSAM 409OoMfundisi Conradi noPerk Bavalelwa Entolongweni

GSAM 409.3Kamsinya nje emva koku ooMfundisi uConradi noPerk babanjwa ngokufundisa ngokuchasene nokholo lweOthodoki, baza bavalelwa iiveki ezintlanu ePerekop. Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe (ngenxa yongenelelo lomphathiswa waseUnited States) uMfundisi uConradi watyelela iMpuma yeRashiya, waza wabuyela eSwitzerland.

GSAM 409Umsebenzi eVolga, eRashiya

GSAM 409.4Kwaba ngulo nyaka kanye apho uMfundisi uLaubhan waqala ukusebenza eRashiya, kufuphi nekhaya lakhe, elakufuphi noMlambo iVolga. Kunyaka ka-1880, uMfundisi uKlein, waseKansas, waqala umsebenzi eRashiya yamaJamani, kwaye ngolo hlobo bavela abasebenzi balo msebenzi unzima nelukhuni, kwaye nangona abakholwayo bagwetyelwe ukugxothwa baze bavalelwe, iNkosi iwusikelele ngokumangalisayo lo msebenzi.

GSAM 409Impumelelo yabathengisi beencwadi eJamani

GSAM 409.5Kunyaka ka-1888, abathengisi beencwadi baqala ukusebenza eRheinish-Prussia, eWürttemberg, eBaden, naseAlsace. Baphumelela kakhulu la basebenzi basibhozo okanye abalishumi abazinikeleyo nabathembekileyo kangangokuba kwisithuba sonyaka omnye kwathengiswa la manani alandelayo eencwadi: Life of Christ, 3,000; From Eden to Eden, 2,000; kunye neepamphlet ezili-12,000. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, phantse kuyo yonke indawo iincwadi zathengiswa zaza zafundwa, kwaye abanye, umntu omnye okanye abangaphezulu, bamkela inyaniso.

GSAM 410Uvulwe Ubuthunywa eHamburg

GSAM 410.1NgoMeyi, 1889, umsebenzi wobuthunywa wavulwa eHamburg, eJamani, nguMfundisi uConradi, kwaye kungekudala kwasekwa isikolo soqeqesho lwabasebenzi. Ngo-Oktobha olandelayo kwakhiwa isikolo seSabatha esinamalungu angamashumi amabini anesibhozo. Kwakungulo nyaka uMfundisi uHaskell watyelela ubuthunywa kwaye kwakhiwa ibandla elinamalungu angamashumi amabini, kwaza kwasekwa nendawo yokugcina iincwadi.

GSAM 410.2Ngelo xesha uMfundisi uJ. T. Boettcher wayesebenza kumsebenzi waseJamani eBarmen. Ngo-1890, kwakunikwa ingxelo kwiNkomfa Jikelele, echaza ukuba kwiphondo-msebenzi laseJamani neRashiya kwakukho amabandla alithoba awayemiselwe, awayenamalungu angama-422 onke, ngaphandle kwabantu abangamashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu abagcina iSabatha ababengakhange bamiselwe. Ngomhla we-7 ku-Epreli, kunyaka ofanayo, abanye abalishumi elinambini babhaptizwa, baza bamanyana nebandla laseHamburg. NgoDisemba ubulungu bebandla eli babusele bunyukele kumashumi amane. Isixa esifunyenweyo kwintengiso yeencwadi esuka kwindawo yokugcina iincwadi eHamburg, eHolland, eRashiya, nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseJamani, sasi-$5,000.

GSAM 410Impumelelo eYurophu

GSAM 410.3Ngokucothayo kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo umsebenzi wakhula kwiNkonzo yaseMbindi Yurophu, njengoko kubonisiwe kwingxelo enikwe kwiNkomfa Jikelele ngo-1891. Ngelo xesha kwakukho amabandla amahlanu eJamani, anamalungu alikhulu namashumi amane, apho amashumi amathandathu anesine ayengamalungu ebandla laseHamburg. Isishumi esihlawulweyo sasiyi-$1,000. Iincwadi ezathengiswa ezikhepheni, ngumvangeli wasenqanaweni eHamburg, zafikelela kwi-$500, ngelixa intengiso yabathengisi abahambahambayo yonyaka, kwindawo yonke yomsebenzi, yayiyi-$6,000. Abantu abalikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu babeyamkele inyaniso e-Austria, kwaye kwakukho amabandla alishumi elinesithathu, kunye namalungu angamakhulu amane eRashiya.

GSAM 411Abahlanu Abagcini beSabatha baseRashiya Bagxothiwe

GSAM 411.1Malunga nexesha eli (1891), amalungu amahlanu ebandla laseRashiya, kuquka nenkokeli yalo, abanjwe ngenxa yokufundisa iimfundiso eziphikisana nebandla elimiselweyo, baza bagwetyelwa ukugxothwa iminyaka emihlanu besiya eTrans-Caucasus. Kwakufuneka babotshelelwe omnye komnye ngamatyathanga, kwaye kufuneka bahambe iimayile ezingamakhulu amahlanu. Kolu vavanyo ukholo lwabo lwabomeleza, baza bavuya eNkosini. Ngelo xesha lonyaka kwakulungiswe incwadana eyayiyifomu yezifundo zeBhayibhile ngolwimi lwesiRashiya, malunga nokubandezeleka kukaKristu, ubuthongo babafileyo, ukuba ngowuphi umhla nokuba kutheni, nokuba singakwazi na ukwazi?

GSAM 411.2Ngexesha leNkomfa Jikelele ngo-1895, ubulungu eJamani babusenyukele kuma-368, kwaye isishumi sonyaka ongaphambili sasiyi-$2,327.43.

GSAM 411Abagcini beSabatha abaninzi eRashiya

GSAM 411.3ERashiya, nangona abaninzi kakhulu babesele bafudukele kwamanye amazwe, inani lamalungu lonyuke laya kuma-467, abahlawule isishumi se-$841.60.

GSAM 411.4Ngokwengxelo eyenziwe ngunobhala wemicimbi yovangelo lwamanye amazwe kwifundo leveki yomthandazo ka-1896, sifunda ukuba

GSAM 411.4“kwiphondo laseJamani neRashiya ngonyaka ophelileyo inani labo lalisondele ekuphindeni kabini; inani labo lonyuswe ngokongezwa kwabantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amane. EBerlin, eJamani, abantu abangamashumi amathandathu babesiya kwiinkonzo zeSabatha eziqhelekileyo. Ukwakhiwa kwecawa yobuthunywa eHamburg kwakomeleze umsebenzi apho. E-Munich, eBavaria, inani labantu belindele ukubhaptizwa. Kwakukho abakholwayo eLeipsic, eKönigsberg, eMagdeburg, ePosen, eStuttgart, nakwezinye iidolophu eziphambili eJamani. Kwakukho kwakhona iqela eRotterdam, eHolland.

GSAM 412.1“ERashiya, abathengisi beencwadi babenikwe iimvume ngurhulumente. Kwakwenziwe iinguqulelo zoncwadi ngeelwimi zesiLettish nesiEsthonian. Iphephandaba lesiJamani lalisuswe eBasel laya eHamburg, kwaye kuloo ofisi babephrinta inyaniso ngeelwimi ezilishumi elinesine.”

GSAM 412Ubhaptizo eHungary

GSAM 412.2Kulo nyaka kwenzeke umbhaptizo wokuqala eHungary, kunye nenkonzo yokuqala yezimiselo eBohemia. Kwasekwa umsebenzi wokushumayela ngenqanawa eGalatz, eRoumania, weDanube neLwandle Elimnyama.

GSAM 412Ukuthengisa Iincwadi eJamani

GSAM 412.3Kwi-Home Missionary, ngoDisemba, 1895, uMfundisi uSpies wathi ngomsebenzi wokuthengisa kwintsimi yaseJamani,

GSAM 412.3“Abo babephethe umsebenzi wokuthengisa, xa waqalwa kweli candelo, abazange bayeke ukuwutyhalela phambili, nangona baqinisekiswe ngabanye babapapashi abaphambili nabathengisi beencwadi eLeipsic ukuba ‘ukuthengisa iincwadi ngokubhalisa kuza kuba yinto engaphumeleliyo.’

GSAM 412.4“Ngo-Agasti ka-1887 kupapashwe ushicilelo lokuqala lwe-Life of Christ ngolwimi lwesiJamani. Malunga nexesha le ncwadi leyo yayilungele ukusasazwa, kwabanjwa inkomfa yabathengisi eBasel; oku kwaphawula ukuqala komsebenzi wokuthengisa, kungekuphela nje eJamani, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ushicilelo lwesixhenxe lwale ncwadi ngoku luphumile kushicilelo ngolwimi lwesiJamani.

GSAM 412.5“Ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari, 1895, abathengisi abatsha abalishumi elinambini bangene emsebenzini. NgoJuni, 1895, ingxelo ibonise ukwanda ngepesenti ezingamashumi amahlanu kwintengiso. Okwangoku kwenziwa umzamo okhethekileyo ngeHerold der Wahrheit, iphephandaba lethu lesiJamani. Amanye amabandla, angengawo amakhulu kakhulu, athatha iikopi eziphakathi kwamashumi amahlanu ukuya kumakhulu amabini, azithengisayo. Kwaye bafumana amava amnandi kakhulu kubathengi. Kwi-Review yomhla we-18 kaFebruwari, 1896, uMfundisi uConradi wathi, ‘Sivala u-1895 sinabantu abangamakhulu alishumi elinesihlanu abagcina iSabatha kwintsimi yaseJamani-Rashiya.’”

GSAM 413IMISHINI YASE-SCANDINAVIA

GSAM 413.1Umsebenzi wokushumayela kubantu baseScandinavia wavulwa nguMfundisi uJohn Matteson ngonyaka ka-1877. Ngomhla we-6 kuJuni wafika eVejle, eJyeland, eDenmark. Xa wayesiya kuloo lizwe, kwakukho abambalwa ababeqalisile ukugcina iSabatha ngokufunda amaphephandaba namaphetshana ababewathunyelwe ngabahlobo babo baseMelika.

GSAM 413.2Xa silandelela imvelaphi yalo msebenzi, sifunda ukuba ngo-1850, abantu abane ababefudukele eMelika besuka eNorway, baqala ukugcina iSabatha yeNkosi. Babehlala eOakland, eWisconsin. Ababini kwaba bantu yayingutata nomama kaMfundisi u-O. A. Olsen. Ngo-1863 uMfundisi uJohn Matteson waqala ukugcina iSabatha yomhla wesixhenxe. Wayehlala ePoysippi, eWisconsin. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezalandelayo, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, malunga namaDanes-amaNorwegians angamashumi amane amkela iimfundiso zamaSeventh-day Adventists. Umshumayeli wokuqala okhutheleyo owamanyana naye kubulungiseleli yayinguMfundisi uJ. F. Hanson waseMinnesota.

GSAM 413Incwadi Yokuqala Epapashwe NgesiDanish-Norwegian

GSAM 413.3Kunyaka ka-1866, uMfundisi uJohn Matteson wacela abaphathi be-ofisi ye-Review and Herald ukuba abone ukuba bangakwazi na ukuprinta, ukuze kusetyenziswe ngabantu baseScandinavia, iincwadana kunye neephetshana ngolwimi lwabo. Waziswa ukuba ukunqongophala kwemali e-ofisini kwakuthintela ukuba benjenjalo; kodwa kwakukho abantu besizwe sakhe eWisconsin naseMinnesota ababefuna ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba inyaniso iprintwe ngolwimi lwabo lwemveli kangangokuba, nangona babekwimeko yezemali ephakathi, kwaye bebengaphantsi kwamashumi amahlanu, bafumana i-$1,000 ngemali, bayibeka ezandleni zakhe ngenjongo yaloo nto. Ngale mali kunye nenani lemibhalo elungiselelwe kakuhle, uMfundisi Matteson weza eBattle Creek, waza waphinda wenza isicelo seencwadi eziprintiweyo. Njengoko wayekulungele ukuphendula iziphikiso ezenziwe ngaphambili, iminqweno yakhe yamkelwa, kwaye ngomhla we-18 kuMatshi 1867, waqala ukufundela uMfundisi J. N. Andrews nam, esasingamalungu ekomiti yokupapasha, umbhalo wakhe olungiselelwe incwadi yakhe, i-Liv og Død, (Life and Death). Ngamanye amazwi, wasixelela ngesiNgesi into eyayibhalwe kumbhalo wakhe ngesiDanish-Norwegian.

GSAM 414UMfundisi Matteson Uba Ngumshicileli

GSAM 414.1Ngelo xesha kwakungekho mshicileli onokukhululwa ukuze amcwangcisele oonobumba, ngoko ke wacela ilungelo lokufunda ukuzilungiselela ngokwakhe. Waqhubeka nalo msebenzi de waba namaphepha amalunga newaka eencwadana namaphetshana eshicilelwe kulwimi lwakhe.

GSAM 414.2Ngale ndlela intsha yokusasaza inyaniso phakathi kwabantu bakhe, wahamba ngesibindi esitsha, esenza iintlanganiso kumaphondo ahlukeneyo. Ukususela ngaloo mhla umsebenzi wakhula ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabantu baseScandinavia.

GSAM 414Iphephancwadi Lokuqala Langaphandle

GSAM 414.3Umsebenzi phakathi kwamaDanish-Norwegian wawusele ukhule kakhulu kangangokuba kwavela imfuno yephephancwadi lenyanga elinokuthi ngalo abantu baloo lizwe bafumane isikhokelo nenkuthazo ngolwimi lwabo. Ngenxa yoko, ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari 1872, kwapapashwa kwi-ofisi yeReview and Herald, iphephancwadi lasenyanga ngesiDanish, incwadana enamaphepha angamashumi amabini anesine elifana nemagazini, elalinegama elithi, Advent Tidende (Advent Tidings). Kunyaka olandelayo ubungakanani bale jenali banyuswa baya kumaphepha angamashumi amathathu anambini. Yayiyeyokuqala iphephancwadi elikhutshwe ngamaSeventh-day Adventist kwilwimi langaphandle.

GSAM 414.4Ngo-1874 umdla wawumkhulu phakathi kwabakholwayo abathetha isiSwedish kangangokuba kwaqaliswa iphephancwadi elinamaphepha alishumi elinesithandathu elipapashwa nyanga nenyanga ngaloo lwimi, elalibizwa ngokuba yi-Svensk Härold.

GSAM 414.5Ngelo xesha uMfundisi uMatteson waqala umsebenzi wokushumayela kubantu baseScandinavia (ngoJuni, 1877) kwilizwe lasekhaya, kwakuthunyelwa iikopi ezingama-266 zeTidende zisuka eMelika zisiya eDenmark inyanga nenyanga, nezi-60 zisiya eNorway. Ngenxa yokufunda ezi jenali, abantu abaliqela babesele begcina iSabatha eScandinavia. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe wonyaka omnye eDenmark, kwavela amaqela akholo kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.

GSAM 415I-ofisi yokuPrinta eNorway

GSAM 415.1Emva koku uMfundisi Matteson waya eNorway, apho, ngomhla we-7 kuJuni 1879, waseka ibandla elinamalungu angamashumi amathathu anesibhozo, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe eChristiana. UMfundisi uJ. P. Jasperson, waseMelika, wazimanya naye kubulungiseleli ngeli xesha. Kulo nyaka kwakhona kwasekwa umbutho wokupapasha eNorway, kwaza kwathengwa ipropathi eChristiana eyenzelwe iofisi yokushicilela, igumbi lokuhlangana leenkonzo zebandla, kunye namagumbi okuhlala, ngexabiso le-$14,580. Okwethutyana, kwakuphuma ushicilelo oluncinci lwephephandaba, iTidernes Tegn, veki nganye kwi-ofisi yaseChristiana.

GSAM 415.2Ekuqaleni kwekwindla lowama-1880, uMfundisi Matteson weza eMelika ukufumana uncedo lokwandisa umsebenzi waseScandinavia. Waya kwiNkomfa Jikelele yaloo nyaka, waza wabuyela eYurophu ngo-Epreli, 1881, ekhuthazeke kakhulu. Kungekudala emva kokubuya kwakhe, kwathengwa umatshini wokushicilela onesilinda waza wafakwa kwi-ofisi yaseChristiana.

GSAM 415Iijenali zezeMpilo ngesiDanish nangesiSwedish

GSAM 415.3Ngoko nangoko baqala ukupapasha iphephancwadi lezempilo ngesiDanish, elibizwa ngokuba yi-Sundheds Bladet. Ngo-1883 wakhupha iphephancwadi elifanayo ngesiSwedish, kunye nephephancwadi lenkolo, elibizwa ngokuba yi-Sanningens Härold. Ngo-1884 babenempahla yeofisi exabisa i-$2,563. Kulo nyaka kwakuprintwe kwaza kwasasazwa amaphepha angama-115,000 zizonke, ngaphandle kwamawaka amaninzi eencwadana, neencwadi ezimbalwa.

GSAM 415UMfundisi uHaskell eScandinavia

GSAM 415.4Umsebenzi kumazwe aseScandinavia wafumana uncedo olukhulu ngokundwendwelwa kukaMfundisi uHaskell ngo-1882, yaye ngo-1884 bancediswa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wooMfundisi uGeo. I. Butler, uB. L. Whitney, uA. B. Oyen, no-E. G. Olsen.

GSAM 416UNksk. White Unceda Kakhulu eScandinavia

GSAM 416.1Ngo-1885, uNksk. E. G. White, kunye nonyana wakhe, uW. C. White, batyelela iScandinavia, nto leyo eyaba luncedo olungenakulinganiswa kumsebenzi kuloo mmandla. Abanye babefikelele kwingcinga yokuba isishumi asinakuhlawulwa ngamahlwempu kuloo lizwe, nokuba akukho ngenelo ukuzama ukuthengisa iincwadi. Ubungqina obunikezelwe nguNksk. White babufike ngexesha, kwaye bamkelwa kakuhle ngabantu, njengoko kwabonakala kwimpendulo enikwe ngala mazwi, “Yonke into ethethwe nguYehova siza kuyenza, kwaye siza kuthobela.” Ngexesha lotyelelo olu kwenzeka utshintsho olupheleleyo kwintsimi yaseScandinavia, olwabangwa ikakhulu ngumsebenzi ongadinwayo kaNksk. White.

GSAM 416Kwakhiwe Isakhiwo Esitsha Seofisi eNorway

GSAM 416.2Ngo-1886 ooMfundisi u-O. A. Olsen no-N. Clausen batyelela amazwe aseScandinavia, lo wamva wahlala apho ixesha elide. Ngo-1885 kwakhiwa isakhiwo esitsha seofisi eChristiana, kwaye kunyaka ophele ngoSeptemba 1, 1886, iofisi yenza imali eyi-$5,386.68 ngokuthengisa iincwadi namaphetshana kuphela, ngelixa isixa esifunyenweyo kwimirhumo yeephephancwadi sasiyi-$3,146.03.

GSAM 416Amabandla Angamashumi Amabini anesihlanu eScandinavia

GSAM 416.3Ingxelo eyayinikwe iNkomfa Jikelele ngo-1889 yathi kwintsimi yaseScandinavia kwakukho amabandla angamashumi amabini anesihlanu, anamalungu angama-926, ahlawule isishumi esiyi-$2,548.75; yayikwanabo nabafundisi abathandathu, abane ababenemvume yokushumayela, kunye nabathengisi beencwadi abangamashumi amahlanu anesibini. Intengiso yeencwadi yaseNorway naseSweden kwikota enye yonyaka yayiyi-$2,161.26.

GSAM 416Isikolo eChristiana

GSAM 416.4Ngelo xesha kwakukho isikolo eChristiana, esinabafundi abangamashumi amahlanu. Ngo-1891 kwakubanjwe iziko leBhayibhile eChristiana, ngooMfundisi u-O. A. Olsen no-E. J. Waggoner, esinabafundi abali-100 abebekhona. Kulo mbutho kwakunikezelwa ngokuqeqeshelwa okunzulu kumsebenzi wokuthengisa iincwadi.

GSAM 417Amabandla Angamashumi Amane eScandinavia ngo-1895

GSAM 417.1Kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, ngo-1895, siqaphela ingxelo enikwe nguMfundisi u-D. A. Robinson, owayengumphathi wesithili sentsimi yangaphandle ngelo xesha, ebonisa ngokucacileyo ukukhula okubonakalayo emsebenzini ngeli xesha kangangokuba sicaphula ngolu hlobo: “IScandinavia inamabandla angamashumi amane, kunye namalungu ali-1,458. Isishumi sonyaka sasiyi-$5,585.55. Kukho abafundisi abalishumi elinesihlanu abamiselweyo, abalishumi elinanye abaneelayisensi, kwaye intengiso yeencwadi yalo nyaka ifikelela kwi-$40,000. Le mali ingako ibangelwe ikakhulu ngemizamo yabathengisi beencwadi, kwaye oku kwenzeka kwilizwe apho, ngo-1885, abathengisi beencwadi, nkqu nabafundisi bokholo lwethu, babesithi ukuthengisa iincwadi ngokuzingela abathengi akunakwenzeka.

GSAM 417Iinkomfa Ezintathu zaseScandinavia

GSAM 417.2Kwiphondo laseScandinavia kukho iinkomfa ezintathu ngoku, imihla yokusekwa yazo imi ngolu hlobo: iDenmark, umhla wama-30 kuMeyi 1880; iSweden, umhla we-12 kuMatshi 1882; iNorway, umhla we-10 kuJuni 1887. UMfundisi uJohn Matteson, owavula iNkonzo yaseScandinavia waza waba nguvulindlela womsebenzi ngempumelelo enkulu, nowasebenza ngenkuthalo nangokuzincama ngenxa yempumelelo yabo bantu, wahlaselwa sisifo esibulalayo, isifo sephepha, waza wasweleka e-El Monte, Cal., ngomhla wama-30 kuMatshi 1896, eneminyaka engamashumi amathandathu ananye ubudala.

GSAM 417IMISIONA YASEBRITANE

GSAM 417.3UWilliam Ings, ozelwe eHampshire, eNgilani, kodwa engumMelika ngomoya nangemfundo, emva kokuba ehlale eUnited States ukususela ebutsheni, wafika eSouthampton, evela eBasel, eSwitzerland, ngomhla wama-23 kuMeyi 1878. Ngelo xesha ukuhlala kwakhe kwaba mfutshane, kwaba ziiveki ezimbini kuphela, waza wabuyela kwiLizwekazi ixesha elifutshane. Kungekudala emva koko, kodwa, waphinda waya eSouthampton, apho, emva kweenyanga ezine zokusebenza endlwini ngendlwana esasaza iincwadana kwaye esenza nayiphi na imisebenzi yobuthunywa eyayivela, wanika ingxelo yabantu abalishumi abagcina iSabatha. Ngomhla wama-30 kuDisemba waloo nyaka, mna nomfazi wam safika eSouthampton, apho imisebenzi yethu yamanyana neyoMfundisi u-Ings, ngokubamba iintlanganiso ebusika eShirley Hall, nasendlwini yethu esiyiqeshileyo. Ehlotyeni lowama-1879, sabamba iintlanganiso zentente eSouthampton. Ngelo xesha nendawo, uNkosazana Maud Sisley (ngoku onguNksk. Boyd) wazibandakanya nomsebenzi, enza ufundo lweBhayibhile kwaye esebenza ukusuka endlwini ukuya kwenye. Ngenxa yalo mzamo, abantu abaliqela bamkela inyaniso. Ebusika obalandelayo sabamba iintlanganiso kwiholo eseRavenswood Villa, isakhiwo esasihlala kuso nesesigcino-mpahla sethu.

GSAM 418Intlanganiso Yentente eNgilani

GSAM 418.1Ehlotyeni lowama-1880, uMfundisi Andrews, nangona wayebuthathaka empilweni, weza evela eSwitzerland ezokuncedisa kwintlanganiso yentente eRomsey, apho abanye abantu bamkela umyalezo.

GSAM 418.2NgoJanuwari 11, 1880, kwakhiwa umbutho weencwadana. Kulo msebenzi amalungu ayenomdla kakhulu, kwaye kwabelwana ngamaphepha amaninzi.

GSAM 418.3NgoFebruwari 8, 1880, kwenzeka umbhaptizo wethu wokuqala kwaye wenziwa kubagqatswa abathandathu. Kude kube nguJulayi 2, 1881, abagqatswa abangamashumi amabini anesithoba babesele bentywiliselwe eSouthampton.

GSAM 418Abasebenzi Bandile eNgilani

GSAM 418.4Ngokuvotwa kweNkomfa Jikelele eyayibanjwe ekwindla lowama-1881, uMfundisi u-A. A. John kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, uGeo. R. Drew, kunye noNkosazana uJennie Thayer baya eNgilani, baza bazibandakanya nomsebenzi kuloo ndawo yobuthunywa. Ngenkqubela yonyaka wama-1882, uMfundisi uHaskell watyelela umsebenzi waseYurophu, waza wachitha iintsuku ezininzi nabasebenzi kubuthunywa baseNgilani, enza uncedo oluxabisekileyo ngengcebiso namacebiso.

GSAM 418.5NgoMatshi, 1882, kwasiqala ukuprintwa isongezelelo saseBritane esinamaphepha amabini se-Signs of the Times, saza sasongezelelwa kwiikopi eziliwaka ze-Signs ezazithunyelwa zisuka eMelika. Ezi zazisetyenziswa kumsebenzi wobuthunywa eGreat Britain. Ingxelo yomsebenzi, yomhla woku-1 ku-Okthobha 1883, ibonisa ukuba ngelo xesha kwakukho abagcini beSabatha abali-100. Isishumi esahlawulwayo ukusukela ekuvulweni kobuthunywa, sasiyi-$2,078.71.

GSAM 419Umsebenzi Wovangeli WaseNqanaweni

GSAM 419.1Ngenxa yobubele babanini bezikhephe, uMfundisi Ings wavunyelwa ukuthumela iipakethe zeencwadana namaphepha simahla kwiizibuko ezingamashumi asibhozo eziphambili ze-“Peninsular and Oriental Steam Ship Company,” eMzantsi Afrika, eMpuma naseNtshona Indies, eMelika ePhakathi, naseZiqithini zeBay. Kwakungenxa yempembelelo yezinto ezazifundwayo ezathunyelwa ngolu hlobo, umdla waqala ukuvuselelwa kwisiqithi saseDemarara. Olu lwazi silufumene ngeeleta ezivela kwesi siqithi.

GSAM 419“History of the Sabbath” Yabekwa Kwiithala Zencwadi ZesiNgesi

GSAM 419.2Ikopi ye-History of the Sabbath kaMfundisi uAndrews yayibekwe nakwiilayibrari zikawonke-wonke ezingamashumi amathandathu nakwiigumbi zokufundela zasimahla kulo lonke elaseGreat Britain, kwaye iincwadi zisekhona apho, zibalisela abo bazimisele ukufunda.

GSAM 419.3Ngo-1884 uMfundisi uButler watyelela eNgilani, ehamba nabanye abasebenzi balo msebenzi. OoMfundisi uS. H. Lane noRobert Andrews bakhwela inqanawa eBoston besiya kudibana nomsebenzi wokushumayela eGreat Britain ngomhla we-9 kuMeyi, 1885. Utyelelo lukaNksk. White eNgilani lwaba ngumthombo wamandla nenkuthazo kubasebenzi. UNksk. White nonyana wakhe bachitha iiveki ezimbalwa apho phambi kokuba babuyele eMelika besuka kwintsimi yaseYurophu.

GSAM 419Kuqalisiwe “Present Truth”

GSAM 419.4Ekuqaleni konyaka ka-1884, kamsinya nje emva kokufika kukaMfundisi uButler eNgilani, kwagqitywa ukuba kuqalwe eGrimsby, uM. C. Wilcox engumhleli, iphephancwadi elinamaphepha asibhozo elipapashwa kabini ngenyanga, elibizwa ngokuba yiPresent Truth. Ngoku ipapashwa njengephephancwadi lamaphepha alishumi elinesithandathu leveki ngeveki eLondon, eNgilani, kwaye ikhutshwa ngeekopi ezimalunga ne-18,000 ngeeveki.

GSAM 420.1Ngo-1889, uMfundisi uHolser wanika ingxelo yokuba iMishini yaseBritane yayinamabandla asibhozo, kunye nabagcini beSabatha abangamakhulu amabini, apho amashumi amathandathu anesihlanu babeseLondon. Isishumi sonyaka ongaphambili sasiyi-$1,244.58. Kwakukho abafundisi ababini abamiselweyo, ababini ababenelayisensi, abavangeli ababini abasemikhunjini, kunye nabasebenzi beBhayibhile abasixhenxe. Kwakungeli xesha apho ooMfundisi uWm. Hutchinson noFrancis Hope bangena khona kwimishini yaseNgilani.

GSAM 420IPacific Press eLondon

GSAM 420.2Ngo-1890 iPacific Press Publishing Company, yaseOakland, eCalifornia, yaseka i-ofisi yesebe e-48 Paternoster Row, eLondon, kunye ne-ofisi yokushicilela e-451 Holloway Road, eLondon, N. Intengiso yeencwadi evela kule ofisi kunyaka wokuqala, ngexabiso elithengiswa ngobuninzi, yayiyi-$9,556.89.

GSAM 420.3NgoFebruwari, 1895, uMfundisi uRobinson ungenise le ngxelo ilandelayo:

GSAM 420.3“EGreat Britain kukho amabandla alishumi elinanye, amalungu angama-363, abafundisi abahlanu, kunye nomnye onelayisensi. Isishumi sonyaka ophelileyo ibiyi-$5,077.20, okanye umyinge we-$13.98 kumalungu ngamnye. Ipropati ye-ofisi yokupapasha ngoku iphethwe kwaye ilawulwa yi-International Tract Society, Limited, inkampani yaseNgilani.”

GSAM 420.4NgoDisemba, 1895, uNobhala weMishini yaPhesheya wanika ingxelo yokuba eGreat Britain kunamalungu angama-560. Izinikelo zesishumi zonyaka zonyuke nge-$1,000. Ngaloo mhla, amaqela asibhozo ayedibana ngeSabatha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eLondon.

GSAM 420.5Ngoko ke umsebenzi kweli candelo lomsebenzi wokushumayela uyaqhubela phambili, ngamanye amaxesha phantse ungabonakali. Imbewu ayimili kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaba ngokukhawuleza njengakwezinye. Ukuntshula kwayo kucotha, kodwa ukukhula kwayo kuqinisekile kwaye kuyomelele. Kunjalo ke nangeyinyaniso yomyalezo wesithathu kobu bukumkani. Imbewu yalo ityaliwe, yazimila, yaza yakhula kancinci de ngoku ifikelele kubungakanani obukhulu xa ithelekiswa.

GSAM 421IMISHINI YASE-AUSTRALASIA

GSAM 421.1NgoMeyi 10, 1885, ooMfundisi uS. N. Haskell, uJ. O. Corliss nosapho lwakhe, uM. C. Israel nosapho lwakhe, uWm. E. Arnold, noHenry Scott bakhwela umkhumbi besuka eSan Francisco besiya kuvula umsebenzi wokushumayela kwiphondo lase-Australia. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye phambi kweli xesha, ngo-1874, kwintlanganiso eyayibanjelwe eBattle Creek, uNksk. White wathi iintlanga ezininzi zisaza kuyamkela inyaniso, kwaye wathi wabona oomatshini bokushicilela besebenza, neencwadi namaphepha zishicilelwa kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Akubuzwa ukuba angacacise ngawaphi amazwe awayethethwa ngawo, impendulo yaba yeyokuba i-Australia kuphela kwegama awayelikhumbulayo.

GSAM 421I-Bible Echo

GSAM 421.2Phantsi komsebenzi onzulu nophumeleleyo kaMfundisi uHaskell neqela lakhe, umyalezo wakhula ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba kwabonakala kufuneka kupapashwe iphephandaba e-Australia. Ngenxa yoko, kwenziwa amalungiselelo okupapasha, kwaye ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari 1886, kwakhutshwa iphephandaba elinamaphepha alishumi elinesithandathu elipapashwa nyanga nenyanga eMelbourne, elabizwa ngokuba yiBible Echo and Signs of the Times. Kwinombolo yokuqala, kwashicilelwa iikopi ezingamawaka amathandathu, ngelixa ishicilelo eliqhelekileyo sasinamawaka amathathu kuphela.

GSAM 421Ibandla Lokuqala Elalungelelaniswayo E-Australia

GSAM 421.3NgeCawa, umhla we-10 kuTshazimpuzi, 1886, kwakhiwa ibandla lokuqala lamaSeventh-day Adventist e-Australia. Kwakukho abantu abalishumi elinesibhozo ababekhona ababetyikitye isivumelwano, kwaye abanye abasixhenxe benza isicelo sokwamkelwa ngobhaptizo. Aba babhaptizwa ngeSabatha elandelayo, kwaye rhoqo ngeSabatha kangangeeveki ezininzi kwakongezwa amalungu, de ibandla laba namalungu angamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu. Kude kube nguMeyi, 1886, inani lilonke lababhalisileyo lalingamashumi alithoba. Ngaphandle kwaba, kwakukho abamalunga namashumi amathathu anesihlanu kwezinye iindawo ababeyigcina iSabatha.

GSAM 421.4Kwiofisi yokushicilela kwakukho iiprinta ezimbini ezilungileyo ne-injini, zonke zazihlawulelwe kwaye ziphantsi kobunini bamaSeventh-day Adventist kuloo ndawo ikude kangaka—malunga neemayile ezingamawaka asixhenxe ukusuka kwi-ofisi yethu enkulu eseOakland, eCal.

GSAM 422.1Ngo-1886 umyalezo wandiselwa eNew Zealand. Ingxelo evela kwintsimi yase-Australia ichaza ukuba kwakukho abagcini beSabatha abangamashumi amahlanu eNew Zealand. Isixa esifunyenweyo kwintengiso yeencwadi e-ofisini sasi-$700. Ngaphandle koku abathengisi babethengise iikopi ezingamakhulu amane ze-Great Controversy eNew Zealand, kunye neekopi eziliwaka ze-Thoughts on Daniel e-Australia.

GSAM 422Isakhiwo seOfisi sase-Australia

GSAM 422.2Kwingxelo enikezelwe nge-19 kaJulayi, 1889, sifumana ezi nyaniso zilandelayo: Isakhiwo se-ofisi yokuprinta eMelbourne sigqityiwe, sinecawa yeenkonzo zebandla.

GSAM 422Ukungenela eTasmania

GSAM 422.3Kuye kwalungiselelwa inkomfa e-Australia naseNew Zealand, kwaye umsebenzi wandiswa, ngooMfundisi u-Israel noSteed, wasiya eTasmania. Kule ndawo yokugqibela sele kusekwe amabandla amathathu, anamalungu ewonke alikhulu namashumi amathathu anesithandathu. Ngaphandle kwaba, kukho nabanye abagcini beSabatha abasasazekileyo abangekalungelelaniswa.

GSAM 422.4Isishumi sonyaka kwiphondo lase-Australia sasiyi-$9,371. Kwakukho abathengisi abalishumi elinesihlanu kwelo phondo, ekwathi intengiso yabo yeencwadi yafikelela kwi-$19,500.

GSAM 422.5Kuhambo lwesibini lukaMfundisi uHaskell lwehlabathi jikelele, waphinda watyelela e-Australia, wazimasa inkomfa yabo eyayibanjelwe ngo-Agasti, 1889, yaye ngeendlela ezininzi wanika uncedo olusebenzayo, olwaxatyiswa kakhulu yile qela lalisandul' ukumiselwa. Abasebenzi abohlukeneyo abavela eMelika bebesityelela e-Australia amaxesha ngamaxesha ngenjongo yalo msebenzi mnye mkhulu—ukwakha nokomeleza umsebenzi kaThixo.

GSAM 422UNksk. White e-Australia

GSAM 422.6Ekwindla lowama-1891, uNksk. E. G. White, unyana wakhe u-W. C. White, uMfundisi u-Geo. B. Starr, nabanye baphuma eCalifornia besiya e-Australia, bafika apho ngoDisemba—phakathi ehlotyeni kwelo lizwekazi. Ubungqina bukaNksk. White, nangona wayesokola ngenxa yokungaphilani komzimba kule minyaka ilithoba wayechitha kuloo lizwe, bancedisa kakhulu ekubekeni umsebenzi kubudlelwane obufanelekileyo nomoya kunye nesimo somyalezo wesithunywa sesithathu. Ngethuba bebeseleyo e-Australia uMfundisi uJ. O. Corliss waphinda wazibandakanya nomsebenzi apha, kwaye uW. A. Colcord nabanye bangena emsebenzini njengabafundisi, ootitshala, njl.

GSAM 423UMfundisi Olsen e-Australia

GSAM 423.1Ngethuba lolawulo lukaMfundisi u-O. A. Olsen njengomongameli weNkomfa Jikelele, watyelela onke amaziko ethu aphambili kulo lonke ilizwe. Oku kwafuna uhambo olude—uhambo lokujikeleza ihlabathi. Wenza oku ukuze azi ngcono ngeemfuno zabo nemeko yeemishini ezahlukeneyo, ukuze ke alungele ukuzinceda ngokungakhethi. Kolu hambo, ngo-1893, wachitha iiveki ezininzi e-Australia.

GSAM 423INkomfa yoManyano yase-Australasian

GSAM 423.2Ngelo xesha kwakusekwa iNkomfa yoManyano yase-Australasian, eyayibunjwe ziinkomfa zase-Australia nezeNew Zealand kunye nemimandla yobuthunywa yase-Australia. Le nkomfa idibana kanye kwiminyaka emibini, kwaye iqhutywa ngokwesicwangciso seenkomfa zomanyano kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-1893, abathengisi beencwadi abambalwa ababekule ndawo bathengisa ushicilelo lwe-Steps to Christ olungama-5,000, kwaye lwaprintwa ushicilelo lwesibini ngenani elifanayo. Ehlotyeni lika-1894-95, bafumana ii-odolo ezingama-4,000 zeencwadi zokubhalisa kwiinyanga ezine.

GSAM 423UMfundisi Prescott e-Australia

GSAM 423.3Ngo-1895 uMfundisi W. W. Prescott, uNobhala wezeMfundo wehlelo, uchithe iinyanga ezininzi kule nkomfa, enikela ixesha elininzi neengcinga zakhe kwesi siqwenga somsebenzi. Ngelo xesha, ebeliphethe iziko lemfundo elaba luncedo olukhulu kubo.

GSAM 424.1Ingxelo eyenzelwe iNkomfa Jikelele ngomsebenzi wonyaka yenziwe nguMfundisi u-W. C. White kwaye imi ngolu hlobo:

GSAM 424.1“INkomfa yoManyano yase-Australia yenziwe yamabandla alishumi elinesixhenxe anamalungu ali-1074, ahlawule isishumi ngonyaka ophelileyo esingange-$9,810.10. Le nkomfa inabafundisi abalishumi elinesibini abamiselweyo, ababini abaneelayisensi, abasebenzi beBhayibhile abathathu, kunye nabathengisi abangamashumi amahlanu, abathengise ngexesha lonyaka iincwadi zexabiso elingange-$28,731.11. Kulo nyaka ikoloni yaseNew South Wales, enamabandla amathandathu kunye namalungu angama-321, yahlulwa kwiNkomfa yase-Australia, yaza yathiywa ngokuba yiNkomfa yaseNew South Wales.”

GSAM 424IMISHINI YASEMZANTSI AFRIKA

GSAM 424.2KwiNkomfa Jikelele eyayibanjelwe eBattle Creek ngo-1886, kwaxoxwa ngomba wokuvula umsebenzi wovangelo eMzantsi Afrika. Njengoko kwathathwa isigqibo esixhasa lo msebenzi, ekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1887 kwenziwa umzamo wokuseka lo msebenzi kuloo ndawo ikude, apho abantu abambalwa, ababesele beqalile ukugcina iSabatha, babecela abasebenzi.

GSAM 424OoMfundisi uBoyd noRobinson eMzantsi Afrika

GSAM 424.3Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngomhla we-11 kuMeyi, uMfundisi uC. L. Boyd nosapho lwakhe, uMfundisi uD. A. Robinson nomfazi wakhe, kunye nabanye abasebenzi, bakhwela inqanawa besuka eNew York City, besingise e-Afrika, bedlula eLiverpool naseLondon. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, kwiNkomfa Jikelele, uMnu. P. W. B. Wessels wachaza ukuba xa aba basebenzi befika e-Afrika, kwakukho abantu abamalunga namashumi amane ababesele begcina iSabatha yomthetho wesine ngenxa yokufunda iimpapasho ngalo mbandela nokufunda iZibhalo.

GSAM 424.4OoMfundisi uRobinson noBoyd baqala umsebenzi wobuthunywa eKapa, kwaye ukusuka apho wanabela ngasemntla-mpuma phantse iimayile ezingamakhulu asibhozo ukuya eKimberley, kwimigodi yedayimani.

GSAM 424.5Kude kube ngunyaka ka-1889, kwakukho abafundisi ababini kuphela, umntu omnye onelayisensi, amabandla amane, kunye namalungu angamashumi asibhozo; aba bahlawula isishumi se-$2,798.36. Kulo nyaka uMfundisi u-Ira J. Hankins, waseMelika, wasebenza eKapa ngemiphumo emihle, kwaye uMnu. noNksk. Druillard beza bevela eNebraska ukuze bazimanye nomsebenzi wale ndawo, baze babelane ngemisebenzi nobunzima obujongene nabo babizelwe ukuqala umsebenzi kwindawo entsha. Imisebenzi kaNksk. Druillard ibigxile ikakhulu kwindawo yokugcina iincwadi, apho umsebenzi wesi sicandelo wayeshiyelwe ulawulo lwakhe; ngelixa uMnu. Druillard wayebandakanyekile kumsebenzi wobuthunywa ngokubanzi. Kulo nyaka, kwiinqanawa ezazimisa kweli zibuko, wathengisa iincwadi ezixabisa i-$750.

GSAM 425UMfundisi Haskell e-Afrika

GSAM 425.1Kwango-Agasti walo nyaka kanye uMfundisi uHaskell wafika eKapa. Iinyanga ezintlanu zazisetyenziswa kakuhle ekutyeleleni nasekusebenzisaneni namaqela ahlukeneyo eMzantsi Afrika. Ngolu tyelelo lo msebenzi wawomelezwa waza wakhiwa, nentliziyo yakhe yakhuthazwa kuba wabona isiqhamo somsebenzi wakhe. Kwavela umdla kumsebenzi wemfundo, kangangokuba abafundi abalishumi elinambini abavela e-Afrika bafika eMelika bezokuya kwizikolo zethu zenkolo.

GSAM 425.2Ngelo xesha umsebenzi wokuthengisa wawunikwa ingqwalasela efanelekileyo. Kwabanjwa inkomfa enxulumene nalo msebenzi eKapa, ebeqhutywa nguMnu. E. M. Morrison, eyayinika ubomi obutsha namandla kweli candelo libalulekileyo lomyalezo. Ngokukhawuleza emva koqeqesho olwanikwa kule nkomfa, abathengisi abalishumi elinesithathu, kwiinyanga ezintandathu, bathengisa baza bazihambisa iincwadi zexabiso eliyi-$5,621.28. Enyanisweni, iiodolo zazininzi kangangokuba zagcwalisa ngokupheleleyo iofisi yaseLondon, njengoko iincwadi zazingakwazi ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza okwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana nemfuno.

GSAM 425.3Kunyaka ka-1892, uMfundisi u-A. T. Robinson wazibandakanya nomsebenzi eMzantsi Afrika. Ngelo xesha umsebenzi wawusele ukhule kangangokuba kwafuneka indawo entsha yokugcina impahla ethatha indawo yeyakudala. Ngenxa yoko, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esitsha esaneleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba sinikezele ngendawo yeentlanganiso zebandla.

GSAM 426Isakhiwo seKholeji e-Afrika

GSAM 426.1Ngoko ke umsebenzi uqhubekile nokuqhubela phambili inyathelo ngenyathelo, de eClaremont, elihlomela laseKapa, kwakhiwa isakhiwo sekholeji esixabisa i-$35,000. Uncedo ekuphela kwalo olwalufunwa kwabazalwana baseMelika yayikukuba bathumele iqela labahlohli abaqeqeshelweyo ukufundisa izifundo zekholeji, kwaye bona ngokwabo babeza kuhlawulela iindleko. Emva kokuba esi sicelo siye safinyelelwa, isikolo savulwa nge-1 kaFebruwari 1893.

GSAM 426INkomfa yaseMzantsi Afrika

GSAM 426.2INkomfa yaseMzantsi Afrika yasekwa ngo-1892. KwiNkomfa Jikelele ka-1893 yavotelwa ukuba ibe yinxalenye yeNkomfa Jikelele. Ngelo xesha yayinamabandla amahlanu, namalungu alikhulu elinamashumi amathathu anesibhozo, ahlawule isishumi kunyaka ongaphambili esingange-$34,077.32. Kule nkomfa iNkomfa yaseMzantsi Afrika yayimelwe nguPeter Wessels, owanikela ngesisa kwiNkomfa Jikelele i-$16,000, le mali yayingaphezulu kuneyo iNkomfa Jikelele eyayiyisebenzisileyo ekuvuleni umsebenzi eMzantsi Afrika. Ukongeza kwesi sipho, yena nomnye wabazalwana bakhe banikela nge-$40,000 ukuqalisa umsebenzi weklinikhi yasimahla kwisixeko saseChicago.

GSAM 426.3KwiNkomfa Jikelele ngo-1895 uNobhala weMishini yaPhesheya wathi ngomsebenzi wase-Afrika:

GSAM 426.3“Inkomfa yaseMzantsi Afrika isineminyaka emibini kuphela isekwe, kodwa ngelo xesha iNkomfa Jikelele ithumele kwelo candelo abasebenzi abalishumi elinambini. Ababini kubo bangene ngaphakathi kwilizwe njengabavangeli abazixhasayo, ngelixa abanye bengene emsebenzini kwimicimbi eyahlukeneyo. Loo nkomfa inesikolo esiphumelelayo, ikhaya leenkedama, kunye neziko lezempilo elisakhiwayo. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba ubulungu babo bungama-184.”

GSAM 426Iiphephancwadi Ezipapashwe eMzantsi Afrika

GSAM 426.4Umba wenkululeko yenkolo eMzantsi Afrika uvuselele abantu bethu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ukuba bapapashe iiphephancwadi ezibini, elinye likwisiDatshi, elibizwa ngokuba yi-De Wachter; elinye likwisiNgesi, elibizwa ngokuba yi-The South African Sentinel and Gospel Echo. Eli lokugqibela linasasazo lwama-4,000.

GSAM 427INkomfa yoManyano yaseMzantsi Afrika

GSAM 427.1NgoJanyuwari, 1903, kwakhiwa iNkomfa yoManyano yaseMzantsi Afrika, eyayibandakanya iinkomfa zaseKapa Colony naseNatal-Transvaal, kunye neemishini zaseBasutoland naseMatabeleland eziphantsi kolawulo lweNkomfa yoManyano. Kule nkomfa kukho amabandla alishumi elinesihlanu amiselweyo anamalungu angama-595, amaqela alithoba angakhange amiselwe anamalungu angamashumi alithoba, kunye nabagcini beSabatha abangamashumi amathathu abazimeleyo,—izonke zibe ngama-715, abahlawule isishumi se-$7,850. Kwakukho nabasebenzi abangamashumi amathathu anesithoba, apho abangamashumi amabini ananye babesemvuzweni weenkomfa ezahlukeneyo.

GSAM 427INDAWO YEPOLYNESIAN

GSAM 427.2Kunyaka ka-1876, uMfundisi uJames White kunye nombhali bathumela ivolumu ye-Signs of the Times kunye neencwadana ezithile, zikhatshwa yileta, eSiqithini sasePitcairn. La maxwebhu abekwa kwinqanawa eyayisiya eNew York ijikeleza iCape Horn. Saqinisekiswa ukuba inqanawa iza kuma ePitcairn, kwaye apho ipasile iza kuhanjiswa. Sasingamazi mntu kwesi siqithi, kwaye sasingazi nto ngesi siqithi ngokwaso, ngaphandle kodumo lwaso lokuba abahlali baso ngabantu abazinikeleyo, abahlonela uThixo. Amaphepha athunyelwa ngokuzama ithamsanqa.

GSAM 427Utyelelo ePitcairn

GSAM 427.3Asizange sive nto ebantwini okanye kwizincwadi zethu de uMnu. John I. Tay wenza utyelelo lwakhe kwesi siqithi, ngonyaka ka-1886, kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, apho safunda khona ukuba ngenxa yokufunda incwadi ye-Signs kunye neencwadana, isiqithi sonke, ngaxa-nye, siphantse sagqiba kwelokuba sitshintshe usuku lwaso lokunqula ukusuka kusuku lokuqala lweveki luye kumhla wesixhenxe, kwaye sigcine iSabatha yeNkosi. Noko ke, abayenzanga le nto de kwafika ixesha lotyelelo lukaMnu. Tay. Kwakudala enomnqweno onzulu wokutyelela esi siqithi, kodwa wayengazi nto ngabantu ngokwakhe, kwaye wayengazi nento ngomdla wabo owawusele uvutha kwinyaniso.

GSAM 428.1Emva kokubuyela kwakhe eMelika, wacenga ngamandla kakhulu ukuba kwakhiwe inqanawa enokuthi ngayo abathunywa bezivangelo bathuthwe besuka kwisiqithi besiya kwesiqithi kwi-Pacific Ocean. Waya kwiNkomfa Jikelele eyayibanjwe ngonyaka ka-1889, enolu luvo luphambili engqondweni yakhe, kwaye apho wamela umba wamaSiqithi asePolynesia. Inkomfa, ibona ukuba lo msebenzi uncedo, yavotela ukuba kuqokelelwe, ngeeminikelo, isixa se-$12,000 ukuze kwakhiwe okanye kuthengwe inqanawa eza kusebenza phakathi kweziqithi zoLwandle lwePasifiki.

GSAM 428Ukwakhiwa kwePitcairn

GSAM 428.2Ngokuhambelana nesi senzo, umkhumbi iPitcairn wakhiwa ngehlobo lowama-1890, kufuphi neBenicia, malunga neemayile ezingamashumi amathathu ukusuka eOakland, eCal., ngeendleko ze-$12,035.22. Kwiikota ezintathu zonyaka le mali yaqokelelwa, yaza yanikelwa zizikolo zeSabatha ngenjongo yale nto kuphela, kwaye akukaze kubekho sipho esenziwe ngovuyo nomdla ongaka. Inqanawa yanikezelwa eOakland, Cal., ngomhla wama-25 kuSeptemba 1890. Malunga nabantu abaliwaka elinamakhulu amahlanu bahlanganisana enqanaweni nakwizibuko bezobona umsitho.

GSAM 428Uhambo Lokuqala Lwe-Pitcairn

GSAM 428.3Inqanawa yasuka ngo-Okthobha wama-20 kuhambo lwayo lokuqala, isuka eSan Francisco isiya kwintsimi yayo yomsebenzi ekude. Kwakukhona abavangeli enqanaweni, kuquka uMfundisi E. H. Gates nomfazi wakhe, uMfundisi A. J. Read nomfazi wakhe, uJohn I. Tay nomfazi wakhe, kunye neqela labavangeli elaliphantsi kolawulo lukaKapteni Marsh. Esi sikhephe siye kuqala kwiSiqithi sasePitcairn, kumgama wemayile ezingamawaka amane kumazantsi eSan Francisco, apho safika khona ngomhla wama-25 kuNovemba. Xa isikhephe sasishiya esi siqithi, ngomhla we-17 kuDisemba, abantu abadala abangamashumi asibhozo anesibini babesele bebhaptiziwe, kwaye babesele bamiselwe njengebandla lamaSeventh-day Adventist. Emva koko isikhephe saya kwiqela leSociety, iHervey, iSamoan, iFriendly, neFiji, sishiya iincwadi zonqulo kunye neencwadana zempilo nokuzithiba kubantu abathetha isiNgesi. Ngexesha leenyanga ezisibhozo, ukuya kutsho ngoSeptemba, 1891, abavangeli bathengisa iincwadi ngexabiso le-$1,900 ngaphandle kokusasaza isixa esikhulu sezinto zokufunda simahla.

GSAM 429.1Abavangeli bamiselwa ngolu hlobo: UMfundisi uRead wahlala eTahiti; uMfundisi uGates wahlala ePitcairn ukuze agqibezele umsebenzi owawusele uqalisiwe apho; ngelixa uMnu. Tay wakhetha ukusebenzela kwisiqithi saseFiji. Kwi-Review yomhla we-14 kuTshazimpuzi, 1904, uMfundisi uFulton uthi ngomsebenzi waseFiji: “Ngoku kukho abagcini beSabatha abangaphezu kwekhulu elinamashumi amahlanu kweli ntsimi yovangelo.” Ukusuka eFiji, inqanawa yasuka yaya eAukland, eNew Zealand, ukuya kulungiswa okufunekayo nokuphuculwa, kwaye nokuya kuzisa iincwadi.

GSAM 429Ukufa Kwabavangeli

GSAM 429.2Emva kokungabikho unyaka omnye, iinyanga ezilishumi elinanye, neentsuku ezilishumi elinesibhozo, i-Pitcairn yabuyela eSan Francisco, apho yafika nge-9 ka-Okthobha 1892. Ngelo xesha uKapteni Marsh wayeswelekile, waza wangcwatywa kwisiqithi saseNew Zealand. UMnu. Tay wahlaselwa yipneumonia, angazange achache kuyo. Naye wasweleka ngokuzola, waza wangcwatywa kwilizwe elikude laseFiji; kwaye ngolo hlobo kwaphoqeleka ukuba kuphulukwe nobomi babantu ababini abaxabisekileyo kwimishini yasePolynesia kwangoko nje.

GSAM 429.3Abavangeli ababekwisiqithi saseTahiti, ePapaete, bavuya kakhulu bakubona, phantse kwangoko, iziqhamo zomsebenzi wabo. Bakwazi ukuthumela ekhaya, ngeli xesha, ingxelo evuyisayo yabantu abangamashumi amane abaguqukileyo nabamiselweyo njengebandla lamaSeventh-day Adventist.

GSAM 429Uhambo Lwesibini LwePitcairn

GSAM 429.4Inqanawa yasuka eSan Francisco kuhambo lwayo lwesibini, nge-17 kaJanuwari 1893, inabavangeli abalandelayo: uB. J. Cady nomfazi wakhe, uJ. M. Cole nomfazi wakhe, u-E. C. Chapman nomfazi wakhe, kunye noM. G. Kellogg, M.D. UNkosazana Hattie Andre, waseOhio, wayehamba nabo njengotitshala weSiqithi sasePitcairn. Ekwindla lowama-1893, uMnu. Cady wavula isikolo eRaiatea, kwiqela laseSociety, sinezifundi ezingamashumi amathandathu. Ekupheleni kwexesha lokuqala, inani lonyuke laya kutsho kwi-105. Ekuqaleni kwexesha lesibini, kwakukho abafundi abali-120 abebekhona.

GSAM 430Uhambo Lwesithathu lwePitcairn

GSAM 430.1Uhambo lwesithathu lwenqanawa lwenziwa ngo-1893-94. Abavangeli bolu hambo yayinguG. O. Wellman nomfazi wakhe kunye noLillian White, bonke ababevela eMichigan, ababebhukiselwe iRaiatea, apho babefanele bancede uMfundisi Cady emsebenzini wakhe. UMnu. Stringer nomfazi wakhe baya njengabavangeli abazixhasayo. Bamisa eRurutu. ERaratonga (apho abantu babegcina uMgqibelo endaweni yeCawa), uGqr. Caldwell nomfazi wakhe babekwa khona; ngelixa uMfundisi Buckner nomfazi wakhe, waseCalifornia, bashiywa ePitcairn. Ngethuba lokuhlala kwakhe nabantu aba, kwaziswa iinkqubo ezininzi ezintsha zemisebenzi, eziye zaba luncedo ngeendlela ezininzi kubahlali. Okokuqala, kwakhiwa umatshini womoya wokusila umbona olinywa ngoku kwesi siqithi, kwaye ngamandla omoya afanayo, kusetyenziswa oomatshini abakhaphukhaphu, nto leyo ekhokelele kwamanye amashishini awayengaziwa ngabemi besi siqithi ngaphambili.

GSAM 430Uhambo Lwesine LwasePitcairn

GSAM 430.2NgoDisemba 15, 1895, uNobhala weMishini yaPhesheya wathi:—

GSAM 430.3“I-Pitcairn ngoku isekwizibuko isuka kuhambo lwayo lwesine.... Umsebenzi utyalyiwe kumaqela alithoba ahlukeneyo, kwaye la maqabane alandelayo asebenza kuwo:—

GSAM 430.4“Esiqithini sasePitcairn, ootitshala, u-E. S. Butz nomfazi wakhe, noHattie Andre. ESiqithini saseNorfolk, kukho abavangeli abazixhasayo abazibandakanya nomsebenzi apha, abavela e-Australia. KwiZiqithi zeSociety, umfundisi, uB. J. Cady; abavangeli bezonyango, uMnu. noNksk. R. A. Prickett. ERaratonga, abavangeli bezonyango, uGqr. J. E. Caldwell nomfazi wakhe, ooNkosazana Lillian White noMaude Young; ootitshala, uG. O. Wellman nomfazi wakhe, uMfundisi J. D. Rice nomfazi wakhe. EFiji, uMfundisi J. M. Cole nomfazi wakhe. IZiqithi zeFriendly, uMfundisi u-E. Hilliard nomfazi wakhe. Rurutu, uMnu. noNksk. Stringer, abavangeli abazixhasayo. Hawaii, uMfundisi u-E. H. Gates nomfazi wakhe; ootitshala, u-H. H. Brand nomfazi wakhe. Samoa, uGqr. F. E. Braucht nomfazi wakhe. UMfundisi u-D. A. Owen nonyana wakhe nentombi, abavangeli abazixhasayo.

GSAM 431.1“IPitcairn ithengise yaza yasasaza iincwadi ezininzi ngexesha lohambo lwayo olune. Ngenxa yoko, abagcini beSabatha bavele kwiindawo ezininzi. Amabandla aye aveliswa ePitcairn Island, eNorfolk, naseTahiti.”

GSAM 431I-Pitcairn Ithengisiwe

GSAM 431.2Njengoko ngoku sele zikho iindlela zokufikelela kwintsimi yasePolynesia ebezingekho xa umkhumbi wawusakhiwa, umkhumbi uthengisiwe, kwaye kusetyenziswe ezinye iindlela zokuqhubeka nomsebenzi. UMfundisi u-E. H. Gates ngoku ngumphathi wentsimi yasePolynesia, kwaye unika ingxelo ngenkqubela kwiintlanganisela ezahlukeneyo.

GSAM 431I-WEST INDIES

GSAM 431.3Ebusika bango-1889, uMnu. Wm. Arnold, waseMelika, waqala umsebenzi wokuthengisa iincwadi eWest Indies. Ngelixa wayesenza lo msebenzi, wakwazi ukufumana amagama needilesi zabantu abaliwaka elinamakhulu amabini, ezathunyelwa kwi-International Tract Society ukuze zisetyenziswe kumsebenzi wobuthunywa. Ngokubhalelana nokuthunyelwa kwezinto zokufunda kwezi dilesi, kwavuswa umdla kwinyaniso, ngaloo ndlela kwavulwa indlela yokushunyayiswa kwevangeli ngokushumayela iLizwi.

GSAM 431.4Ukuphendula kubizo lomsebenzi wobulungiseleli, uMfundisi uD. A. Ball, ngoNovemba, 1890, waya eBarbadoes nakwezinye iindawo, ukuya kusebenza. Abantu abaliqela bayamkela inyaniso ngenxa yemigudu yakhe. Ngo-1892, uMnu. Patterson, waseCalifornia, wenza umsebenzi wokuthengisa i-Bible Readings kwiziqithi ngempumelelo enkulu. Ngo-1893, uB. B. Newman waya eJamaica evela eFlorida ukuze athathe ulawulo lomsebenzi wokuthengisa ngexesha lokungabikho kukaMnu. Arnold. UMnu. Evans noMnu. Hackett nabo baye kwii-Indies ngonyaka ofanayo, ukuze benze eli sebe lomsebenzi. Kwinyanga kaMeyi, uMfundisi uHaysmer nomfazi wakhe bangena kweli candelo ukuze basebenze njengoko indlela ibivuleka. Kungekudala emva koku uMnu. Arnold wabuya, ngeli xesha eyokuthengisa iincwadi ezimalunga nomxholo wempilo. Kude kube nguJulayi, 1895, iincwadi zolu hlobo zazithengisiwe eJamaica kuphela ngexabiso le-$8,200, ngelixa intengiso yeencwadi zonqulo yayiyi-$7,654, okwenza isixa esipheleleyo se-$15,854. Ukusasazwa kwenani elikhulu kangaka loncwadi kwanceda kakhulu ekusekeni eKingston ibandla elilungelelaniswe kakuhle elinamalungu angamashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu, nokuvula iindlela zomsebenzi wobulungiseleli kwezinye iindawo zesi siqithi.

GSAM 432I-Trinidad

GSAM 432.1Umsebenzi apha waziswa ngendlela efanayo naleyo yaseJamaica. Ngonyaka ka-1889, uMnu. F. B. Grant nomfazi wakhe bamenywa ukuba batyelele esi siqithi ngenjongo yokwazisa uncwadi lwecawa yethu, yaye ngokumenywa uMfundisi uFlowers nomfazi wakhe bakhawuleza babalandela ukuze basebenze njengoko kwakuvulwa indlela. Bafumana impumelelo entle, de uMfundisi uFlowers wahlaselwa yifiva, eyabangela ukusweleka kwakhe, ngomhla wama-29 kuJuni, 1894. UMfundisi u-E. W. Webster wakhethwa njengomlandeli wakhe, waza wathabatha inqanawa esuka eNew York ngo-Agasti, 1895.

GSAM 432.2Ngo-1896 abasebenzi baseWest Indies babemi ngolu hlobo: eJamaica, uMfundisi u-A. J. Haysmer no-W. W. Eastman, kwaye inani labathengisi belikwiZiqithi zaseBahama. KwiLesser Antilles, apho uMfundisi u-E. Van Deusen nomfazi wakhe, kunye no-C. F. Parmlee nomfazi wakhe njengabasebenzi beBhayibhile, uMnu. Bean noMnu. Hackett njengabathengisi. E-Trinidad, bekukho uMfundisi u-E. W. Webster nomfazi wakhe, kunye noNkosazana Stella Colvin njengomvangeli wezonyango. Iziphumo—abagcini beSabatha abali-110 eJamaica, kunye nabagcini beSabatha abangamashumi amahlanu eTrinidad, abebesekwe eCouva; ibandla elinye eBarbadoes, kunye neqela elinye e-Antigua, kwiLesser Antilles.

GSAM 432UMBINDI MELIKA

GSAM 432.3UMfundisi uF. J. Hutchins nomfazi wakhe bemka e-United States besiya kwiiZiqithi zaseBay, ngomhla we-16 kuNovemba 1891. Ngelo xesha, ikakhulu eRuatan, kwakukho abantu abamalunga namashumi amabini ababeyigcina iSabatha yomthetho wesine ngokweMithetho eliShumi, ingqwalasela yabo yaqala ukutsalelwa kule nyaniso ngokufunda izinto ezabathunyelwa ngeposi. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ngo-1894, u-W. A. Miller nomfazi wakhe baphuma eCalifornia besiya eBonacca, apho bajoyina umsebenzi wemfundo njengootitshala kwisikolo esavulwa nge-4 kaJulayi, 1894, kwisakhiwo sesikolo esakhiwe ngamaSeventh-day Adventist. Inani labantu abebekhona ngexesha lesifundo sokuqala belingumyinge wama-34. Ngo-1895 isikolo samkelwa njengesizimeleyo, njengoko inani labafundi lonyuke laya kuma-45.

GSAM 433.1KwiNkomfa Jikelele eyayibanjwe ngo-1895, uMfundisi uHutchins wanika ingxelo ngabantu abali-100 kwiziqithi ababewuthobela umyalezo, kwaye waphinda wathi kwakwakho izindlu zokuhlangana ezimbini ezazakhiwe kwaye zazingezamaSeventh-day Adventist. Ngenxa yokunqaba komhlaba, owawuxabiseke kakhulu ekulimweni, enye yezi zindlu zonqulo yakhiwa phezu kwamanzi. Ezi zakhiwo zimbini kunye nesikolo zafakwa phantsi kwegama le-General Conference Association. Ixabiso lepropathi yeNkomfa kwisiqithi lalilinganiswe kwi-$1,789.60. Isixa seencwadi ezathengiswayo kude kube ngowe-1895 sasiyi-$2,243.

GSAM 433Inqanawa Encinci yaseMbindi Melika

GSAM 433.2Ingqwalasela yeNkomfa yatsalelwa kwindlela elula neenzuzo zokuba nesikhephe esincinci esinokuthutha abathunywa beevangeli besuka kwisiqithi esinye besiya kwesinye, kwavotwa ukuba kwakhiwe isikhephe esinjalo somsebenzi phakathi kweziQithi zeBay ngeendleko ezingayi kudlula i-$3,000.

GSAM 433.3Ngo-1896, kwakukho abasebenzi abane kuphela eMbindi Melika: uMfundisi uF. J. Hutchins nomfazi wakhe, kunye noMfundisi uJ. A. Morrow nomfazi wakhe eSpanish Honduras. EBelize, ikomkhulu laseBritish Honduras, kwakukho iqela labakholwayo ababewugcina umhla wesixhenxe ngokomthetho wesine. Uninzi lomsebenzi kule ngingqi lwenziwe kwiziqithi zoLwandle lweCaribbean. Apha kwakuthengiswe iincwadi zexabiso elingamawaka aliqela eedola, yaye abantu abangamashumi amathandathu babevuya kwinyaniso yomyalezo wengelosi yesithathu.

GSAM 434Ukufa kukaMfundisi Hutchins

GSAM 434.1Malunga neminyaka elishumi elinambini uMfundisi uF. J. Hutchins wasebenza ngokunyaniseka nangentshiseko enkulu kwintsimi yaseMbindi Melika. Ekugqibeleni, ukunyamezela kwakhe kwaphelelwa, waza woyiswa sisifo. Ngoku uphumle ebuthongweni, elindele ubizo oluvela kwiNkosi—ubizo oluya kuvusa abanyanisekileyo.

GSAM 434UMZANTSI MELIKA

GSAM 434.2Yayikwiphepha eliprintiweyo apho iimbono zamaSeventh-day Adventist zafakwa khona okokuqala eMzantsi Melika. Ngo-Okthobha, 1891, oos. Snyder, Stauffer, noNowlin baqala umsebenzi wabo njengabathengisi beencwadi e-Argentina. Ngo-1893, ngokuvotwa kweNkomfa Jikelele, uMfundisi uF. H. Westphal, wase-Illinois, umfundisi ongumJamani, wazibandakanya nomsebenzi kweli candelo lomsebenzi wokushumayela, kwaye ngo-1894, uFrank Kelley, waseCalifornia, waya kumaZwe aManyeneyo aseColombia njengomvangeli ozixhasayo. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, aba balandelwa ngabanye abasebenzi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwenziwa isiqalo kweli candelo lentshumayelo litsha. Ngo-1896 le ngxelo ilandelayo yanikezelwa malunga nomsebenzi kweli candelo: IChile inomfundisi omnye, uMfundisi G. H. Baber, owafikayo ngo-Oktobha 19, 1895; kunye nabathengisi ababini, uF. W. Richards noF. H. Davis. I-Argentina nayo inabafundisi ababini, uF. H. Westphal noJean Vuilleumier; kunye nabathengisi ababini, uO. Oppegard noC. A. Nowlin. Ngaphandle kwaba kukho abasebenzi beBhayibhile abane, uLucy Post, uMnu. noNksk. Snyder, kunye noJohn McCarthy. IBrazil inabafundisi ababini, uMfundisi W. H. Thurston noH. F. Graf; kunye nabathengisi abathathu, uA. B. Stauffer, uJ. F. noJ. A. Berger. IBritish Guiana inabafundisi ababini, uMfundisi W. G. Kneeland noMfundisi P. Giddings; kunye nabavangeli bezonyango ababini, uGqr. B. J. Fercoit nomfazi wakhe.

GSAM 435.1Ngo-1896, kwakuthengiswe iincwadi zexabiso leedola elinye iwaka eChile, kwaye abagcini beSabatha abangamashumi amathathu bamkele iSabatha neenyaniso ezinxulumeneyo ngokufunda uncwadi abaluthengileyo kubathengisi. EBrazil nase-Argentina kwakuthengiswe iincwadi zexabiso leedola ezingamawaka alishumi; kwaye okona kwakungcono, kwakukho abali-100 abagcina iSabatha. Kwakusekwe ibandla elinye nezikolo zeSabatha ezintlanu. E-Argentina kwakukho amabandla amathathu awayemiselwe, eBuenos Ayres, eCrespo, naseSan Cristobal, ngokulandelelana kwawo. Kwakukho kwakhona ibandla elinye elalimiselwe eBritish Guiana, kunye nabagcini beSabatha abangamashumi amahlanu, nto leyo eyenza isixa esipheleleyo sabalikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu bamaSeventh-day Adventist eMzantsi Melika.

GSAM 435THE SOUTHERN MISSIONARY SOCIETY

GSAM 435.2Ngokungqongqo, eli qumrhu alinakubizwa ngokuba langaphandle, nangona lenza umsebenzi wokushumayela kwabantu abangaphandle (amaAfrika) kwilizwe lethu. Udumo olukhulu lufanele imigudu enyamezelayo kaMfundisi uJ. E. White, phantsi kwentsikelelo kaThixo, ngenxa yeziphumo esele zifikelelwe.

GSAM 435.3Ebusika bonyaka we-1893, xa ndandisebenza njengomongameli weNkomfa yase-Illinois, uMfundisi uWhite weza kum enoxinzelelo olukhulu ngabantu abamnyama abaseMazweni aseMzantsi. Njengoko wayechitha iiveki ezimbalwa eChicago, wacela ithuba lokusebenzela abantu abamnyama ababehlala kweso sixeko. Esi sicelo samkelwa ngovuyo olukhulu, kwaye kulapho ke kwaqala khona ngokwenene umsebenzi wakhe waba bantu banelishwa.

GSAM 435Inqanawa Yomphunga Yobuthunywa kaMfundisi White

GSAM 435.4Ukususela ngelo xesha wayethandaza kwaye ecwangcisela umsebenzi waseMzantsi. Njengoko wayefunda, izicwangciso zakhe zaya zikhula, zaza zagqibela ngokwakhiwa kwenqanawa yomphunga kufuphi neLake Michigan, eyayibizwa ngokuba yiMorning Star. Exhotyiswe ngale “Bethel” edadayo, waya eChicago, waza wahamba ngeMlambo i-Illinois neMississippi, wafika eVicksburg, eMiss., ngomhla we-10 kaJanuwari 1895. Apha, kunye nabambalwa abancedisayo waqala imisebenzi yakhe kumhlaba ongazange ulinywe.

GSAM 436Umsebenzi we-Southern Missionary Society

GSAM 436.1Sicaphula kwingxelo eyenziwe nguMfundisi White kwiNkomfa Jikelele, ngomhla we-9 kuTshazimpuzi, 1903, enika iziphumo zomsebenzi, kwaye ibonisa imeko yomsebenzi wobuthunywa baseMzantsi ngelo xesha:—

GSAM 436.2“Umbutho wethu wakha kwaye ngoku usebenzisa izikolo ezintlanu eMississippi.... Ezi zikolo zifumaneka eVicksburg, eYazoo City, eColumbus, naseJackson.... Abasebenzi bethu baphinde baqhubela phambili iinzame eNashville, eMemphis, naseEdgefield Junction, eTennessee, naseLouisville naseBowling Green, eKentucky.

GSAM 436Abasebenzi baseMzantsi

GSAM 436.3“Okwangoku kukho abasebenzi abangamashumi amabini anesixhenxe kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oMbutho. Abafundisi abahlanu abamiselweyo baye baveliswa kumsebenzi we-Southern Missionary Society.... Ootitshala bezikolo abalishumi elinesithathu baye balungiselelwa umsebenzi wabo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.... Indoda eselula enye ifundiswa nguMbutho ukuba ngugqirha, kwiKholeji yezoNyango yaseMeharry, eNashville, kwaye enye incediswa kwizifundo zayo kwisikolo esinye.... Kukho nabasebenzi beBhayibhile abalungileyo abakhulisiweyo. Abanye bootitshala nabo baye baba ngabasebenzi abaziingcali kweli candelo.

GSAM 436Inqanawa Yomphunga “Morning Star”

GSAM 436.4“I-Morning Star yipropathi yam, yakhiwe ngemali yam. Ngaphezu koko, zonke iindleko zokuqhuba esi sikhephe bezihlawulwa ngemali yam. Ndiza kuthi kwakhona ukuba iindleko zokuphila esikhepheni bezisoloko ndizihlawula mna. Amaxesha amaninzi iqela belinabasebenzi abaphakathi kweshumi ukuya kwishumi elinesibhozo.... Nkqu nemivuzo yabo bonke abasebenzi abaqeshelwe nguMbutho iminyaka emininzi ayizange ithathwe kwiminikelo, kodwa yathathwa kwingeniso yam.

GSAM 437Indlela Imali Eyafika Ngayo kwiMishini yaseMazantsi

GSAM 437.1“Kungavela umbuzo othi, ‘Le mali uyifumene phi?’ INkosi isinike yona. Kwaphuma iincwadana ezimbalwa. Kuqala kwaphuma i-Gospel Primer, eyayiyilelwe ukuba isetyenziselwe ukufundisa abantu abamnyama. Kwakulindelwe ukuba kuthengiswe amawaka ambalwa eekopi, kodwa okusimangalisileyo kukuba zifikelele phantse kwisigidi seekopi.

GSAM 437.2“Umama [Nksk. E. G. White] wasinceda ngencwadi ethi Christ our Saviour, ethengise iikopi ezingamakhulu amathathu okanye amane amawaka. Iikopi ezingamakhulu amabini okanye amathathu amawaka ze-Best Stories ziye zathengiswa. Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani elaneleyo le-Coming King liye lasasazwa ukuba lingenza intsika yeekopi eneemayile ezine ubude. Ngeemali ezivela kwezi ncwadi, ukongeza ekuxhaseni amanye amashishini amaninzi nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, sakha i-Morning Star.”

GSAM 437EMAZWENI AMANINZI

GSAM 437IMexico

GSAM 437.3Umsebenzi wethu kweli lizwe waqala ngonyaka ka-1894, ngokusekwa kwemishini yezonyango eGuadalajara. Ngo-1896 inani labasebenzi lalinikwa ingxelo ngolu hlobo: UMfundisi uD. T. Jones nomfazi wakhe, ababephethe imishini. Ootitshala yayingu-Ora A. Osborne, uNksk. A. Cooper, uKate Ross, kunye nomncedisi wemveli. Abavangeli bezonyango yayinguGqr. J. A. Neal, A. Cooper, uNksk. A. J. Rice, uNksk. Bartlett, kunye noNksk. Rachel Flowers. Izigulana ezingamashumi amane ngosuku zazisebenzisa inkonzo yomsebenzi wokushumayela, kwaye abafundi abangamashumi amane babefunda kwisikolo somsebenzi wokushumayela. Ngelo xesha kwakusakhiwa iziko elitsha lezempilo, ngeendleko ze-$12,000.

GSAM 437IMbindi Afrika

GSAM 437.4Ngo-1893 umsebenzi womyalezo wengelosi yesithathu wawusele uqhubekile kangangokuba iKomiti yeNkomfa Jikelele yavakalelwa isizathu esivakalayo sokucebisa ukuba kusekwe umsebenzi wokushumayela eMbindi Afrika. Ngenxa yoko kwavotwa, “Ukuba ngokukhawuleza okunokwenzeka kuvulwe umsebenzi wokushumayela eMatabeleland.” Ngokuhambelana nesi senzo iqela lamaSeventh-day Adventist, ngo-1894, langena kuloo lizwe laza lakhetha ifama enama-acre ali-12,000. Kwinkomfa yowama-1895, uMfundisi C. B. Tripp kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, uW. H. Anderson kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, kunye noGqr. A. S. Carmichael bakhethwa njengabavangeli baloo mmandla ukude. Ngoko ke baqalisa kwangoko amalungiselelo ohambo olude, kwaye emva kohambo oluphumeleleyo ngenqanawa bafika apho babesiya khona ngomhla wama-26 kaJulayi 1895.

GSAM 438IGold Coast

GSAM 438.1Kwiminyaka eliqela isikhalo saseMasedoniya sokucela uncedo besifikelela kumaSeventh-day Adventist ukusuka kuNxweme lwaseNtshona lwe-Afrika. Umdla enyanisweni wawuvuswe ngokufunda iimpapasho zama-Adventist, kodwa kwada kwangunyaka ka-1894 okanye ngelo xesha uncedo lathunyelwa. Emva koko uMfundisi uSanford noMnu. Rudolph bamenywa yiKomiti yeNkomfa Jikelele ukuba baqalise umsebenzi obukudala ulindile. Bangena kweli candelo lomsebenzi benomdla nenkalipho. Kamva kungekudala, nangona kunjalo, uMfundisi uSanford wabethwa yifiva, eyayixhaphakile kakhulu apho kangangokuba loo mmandla ubizwa ngokuba “lingcwaba lomntu omhlophe.” Wabethwa kathathu yiyo, kwaye ke, ukuze aphile, kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele eMelika. Abanye bathunyelwa kuNxweme lwaseNtshona, phakathi kwabo bekukho uMfundisi uD. U. Hale, uGeo. F. Kerr nomfazi wakhe, kunye noG. P. Riggs. Lo wokugqibela, nangona kunjalo, waba buthathaka kakhulu sisifo kangangokuba kwaphelelwa ithemba ngobomi bakhe, waza wabalekela eNgilani enethemba lokuba uya kuxhamla ngokutshintsha imozulu; koku yena nabahlobo bakhe bahlelwa kukuphoxeka, kuba wancipha ngamandla kancinci kancinci, waza ekugqibeleni wasweleka, waza wangcwatyelwa khona. Naye, ulindele ukuza koMniki-bomi.

GSAM 438Indiya

GSAM 438.2NgoJanuwari 12, 1890, uMfundisi Haskell wathabatha inqanawa ePort Durban, kunxweme olukumzantsi-mpuma we-Afrika, esiya eCalcutta, eIndiya, eTshayina, naseJapan. Phambi kwalo mhla, uPercy T. Magan, unobhala wakhe, wayesele emhlangene naye. Injongo yohambo oluya eIndiya “yayikukukhangela” ulwazi oluza kubanceda ukuba banikele iingcebiso nezeluleko xa kuza kuqala imisebenzi yobuthunywa ephathekayo yamaSeventh-day Adventist kuloo mmandla. Inengcinga ngokuseka umsebenzi wobuthunywa eIndiya, iNkomfa Jikelele, ngo-1893, yacebisa ukuba uWm. Lenker aye kuloo lizwe njengomthengisi wemibhalo. Ukuhambisana nesi sicelo, waya eIndiya waza wazisa iincwadi zamaSeventh-day Adventist. Kamva uMnu. Lenker wanika ingxelo yokuba yena nabanye abantu abane, ukuya kutsho ngo-1896, babehambele iincwadi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseIndiya, kwaye bathengise iimpapasho zexabiso le-$10,000. Ukubonisa umdla owavela ngenxa yeencwadi ezazithengiswa, waphinda wathi ngelixa wayeqhuba umsebenzi wokuthengisa iincwadi kufuphi neMadras, kunxweme lwaseNtshona lweIndiya, “umshumayeli wemveli wahamba iimayile ezingamashumi amathandathu ukuze athenge ikopi ye-Thoughts on Daniel and the Revelation.”

GSAM 439UGeorgia Burrus eIndiya

GSAM 439.1Ngo-1895 uNkosazana uGeorgia Burrus wemka eCalifornia waya eIndiya. Akufika apho, wakhawuleza waqala ukufunda ulwimi lwesiBengali, yaye kungekudala wangena kumsebenzi wobuthunywa. Kude kube ngu-1896, abantu abaliqela babesele beqalile ukugcina iSabatha yeNkosi ngenxa yokunxulumana nabasebenzi bethu.

GSAM 439.2Abasebenzi ensimini ngo-1896 yayinguMfundisi uD. A. Robinson nomfazi wakhe. INkosazana uMay Taylor neNkosazana uGeorgia Burrus yayingabasebenzi beBhayibhile. UMnu. Lenker noMnu. Masters babengabathengisi. Kwakufunyenwe isakhiwo esifanelekileyo sekhaya lomsebenzi wokushumayela, kwaye kwenziwa izibheno kumazwe asekhaya zokufuna oogqirha, abongikazi, kunye nolunye uncedo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezazibacinezela. Kolu sibheno uMfundisi uBrown, kunye nabanye, waphendula. Bobabini yena noMfundisi uD. A. Robinson basweleka eKarmatar, eBengal, eIndiya, ngokuphela kukaDisemba, 1899.

GSAM 439I-Hawaii, iiZiqithi zaseSandwich

GSAM 439.3Kunyaka ka-1884, uMnu. La Rue noHenry Scott, ngeendleko zabo, baya njengabavangeli eHawaii. Baqala umsebenzi wabo ngokwenza umsebenzi wobuvangeli buqu nangokuthengisa iincwadi. Oku kwavusa umdla omkhulu esiqithini kangangokuba iNkomfa Jikelele, ngoNovemba, 1885, yavotela ukuba uMfundisi uWm. Healy aye eHawaii kwisizini elandelayo ayokushumayela, nokuba iNkomfa yaseCalifornia icelwe ukuba iboleke intente ngenjongo le. Ngoko ke, uMfundisi uHealy kunye nabo babesele besesiqithini baqhuba iintlanganiso zentente ngehlobo lowama-1886. Ngenxa yalo mzamo, abantu abaliqela bamkela umyalezo. UMnu. La Rue wahlala eHonolulu de kwangunyaka wama-1889, xa wathatha inqanawa waya eHong Kong, eTshayina.

GSAM 440Umsebenzi wamaTshayina eHawaii

GSAM 440.1Kodwa umsebenzi wobulungiseleli wawuncinane kakhulu owawenzelwa esi siqithi de kwadibana iNkomfa Jikelele ngenyanga kaMatshi, ngo-1895, ngelo xesha kwavotwa isigqibo sokuba “uMfundisi Gates kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, kunye noMnu. noNksk. Brand njengabafundisi bamaTshayina, baya eHonolulu ukuya kwenza umsebenzi wobuthunywa.” Umsebenzi wokufundisa waqala kwangoko, kwaye uMfundisi uGates, nangona wayengaphilanga kakuhle, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ekukhuthazeni lo msebenzi. Kungekudala kulandela abavangeli ugqirha nabanesi, kwaye umsebenzi kulo mba womyalezo waqalwa kakuhle.

GSAM 440Isishwankathelo seMisebenzi yoButhunywa, Januwari 1, 1903

GSAM 440.2Ingxelo yoNobhala weMishini yaPhesheya, enikezelwe nge-31 Disemba 1902, ibonisa umsebenzi womyalezo njengoko uqhutywa ngaphandle kwe-United States ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:—

GSAM 440.3INkomfa yoManyano yase-Australia, eyenziwe ziinkomfa zaseVictoria, New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, kunye neWest Australia.

GSAM 440.4INkomfa Jikelele yaseYurophu, eyakhiwe yiNkomfa yoManyano yaseJamani, iJamani eNtshona, iJamani eMpuma, iJamani eMzantsi, iHolland neFlemish Belgium, iAustro-Hungary, namaZwe aseBalkan, iSwitzerland ethetha isiJamani, iRashiya eMzantsi, iRashiya eMntla, neRashiya ePhakathi.

GSAM 440.5INkomfa yoManyano yaseScandinavia, equka iDenmark, iNorway, iSweden, iFinland, kunye ne-Iceland.

GSAM 441.1INkomfa yoManyano yaseBritane, ebandakanya uMntla weNgilani, uMzantsi weNgilani, i-Ireland, iSkotilani, kunye neWales.

GSAM 441.2INkomfa yoManyano yaseFransi yesiLatini, equka iSwitzerland ethetha isiFrentshi, iFransi, kunye ne-Itali.

GSAM 441.3INkonzo yaseMpuma, equka iJiputa, iSiriya, neTurkey.

GSAM 441.4INkomfa yoManyano yaseMzantsi Afrika, equka iKapa Colony, iNatal-Transvaal, iBasutoland, neMatabeleland.

GSAM 441.5Ezihlukahlukeneyo: iBermuda, iBrazil, iBritish neDutch Guiana, uMbindi Melika (uMzantsi), iTshayina, iFiji, iIndiya, iJamaica, iJapan, iLesser Antilles, iMexico, iNyassaland, iPitcairn, iPorto Rico, iRiver Plate, iRaratonga, iSamoa, iiZiqithi zeSociety, iSumatra, iTonga, iTrinidad, uNxweme oluseNtshona (uMzantsi Melika), kunye noNxweme oluseNtshona (Afrika).

GSAM 441.6Inani labasebenzi abakhutheleyo kwezi nkalo zahlukeneyo, kuquka abafundisi, abaneelayisensi, abasebenzi beBhayibhile, abathengisi beencwadi, kunye nabathengisi abahambahambayo, ngu-754.

GSAM 441Kumiselwe Iindawo Ezibalulekileyo

GSAM 441.7Kwezi zibhengezo ezifutshane malunga nemishini yethu singatsho, njengoko watshoyo uNobhala weMishini yaPhesheya ngonyaka ka-1896:

GSAM 441.7“Ngezi ndawo zicwangcisiweyo ngoku ezifikelelwe ngumyalezo phantse kuyo yonke indawo yehlabathi, uThixo, ngamandla akhe angenasiphelo, ungenza umsebenzi omkhulu nonamandla ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Uya kuwufinyeza umsebenzi wakhe ngobulungisa.”